INSANITY IN THE LOWER ANIMALS. 33 



apparent than real, for instance in cattle being driven to 

 market through the streets of large cities. As is shown in 

 another chapter, these animals have been predisposed to a 

 sudden outbreak of mania by a long course of previous 

 faulty treatment, resulting in a morbid nervous or general 

 condition. 



The natural terminations of acute insanity in other ani- 

 mals, as in man, are 



1. Recovery. 



2. Dementia. 



3. Death ; immediately preceded or not by 



a. General tremor or violent agitation of the 



whole muscular system, not amounting to 

 convulsion. 



b. Convulsions of various degrees of severity. 



c. Complete or incomplete stupor or coma. 



d. Paralysis in various forms and degrees. 



e. General exhaustion or marasmus. 



The results to man of animal insanity are of the highest 

 importance, involving as they do 



1. Uselessness for work and for food. 



2. Danger to human life; and 



3. Serious pecuniary loss. 



One of the commonest results of animal insanity is use- 

 lessness of the affected animal to man, involving commercial 

 disability, marketable valuelessness. It is therefore in 

 this form alone costly and expensive. But paramount in 

 importance is the risk of injury to man, to their com- 

 panions, even to themselves, the danger involved in accidents 

 produced by insane animals, for instance by 



1. Runaway horses. 



2. Mad (rabietic) or otherwise insane dogs. 



3. Crazed cattle. 



4. Sturdied sheep. 



5. Rogue elephants. 



The accidents in question include 

 A. In or to man, directly or indirectly : 

 1. The upsetting of carriages of all kinds and the killing 

 of those who occupied them. 



VOL. II. D 



