50 FOEMS OF MENTAL DEFECT AND DEKANGEMENT. 



exactly analogous to some forms at least of the homicidal 

 mania of man. 



Again, in paroxysms of maniacal fury, self -injury to the 

 extent of fracture of the skull has happened in the horse 

 (Pierquin) and elephant (Buff on), while other minor forms 

 of self-mutilation are common. Self-destruction, too, in the 

 form of accidental suicide in various ways, may, with various 

 forms of self- mutilation, of self-inflicted physical disability 

 from injury, be quite as serious to man, from the loss of 

 valuable stock, as the destructiveness of human life and 

 human property. The latter, however for instance from the 

 maniacal rogue elephant on its rampage the loss of man's 

 life, of his crops and dwellings, is sometimes very serious 

 in a single limited district, and as the fruit of the morbid 

 and wholesale destructiveness of a single animal. 



As in man, mania is frequently merely exaggerated 

 passion, or the result thereof. Thus Maudsley mentions fatal 

 mania as the culmination -of irritability and anger in the 

 mandrill. Though melancholia is a much more usual sequel, 

 mania sometimes results from grief in the elephant and other 

 animals. According to Pierquin, grief is a common cause of 

 it in the dog. Youatt describes it as arising from worms in 

 the dog, and it is frequently produced by insect-plagues in 

 the ox, horse, and other animals, for instance, by the mos- 

 quito, tsetse, bot-fly, gad-fly, and other flies. 



Puerperal mania occurs sometimes after parturition in 

 female animals, just as among women. Its ferocity in its 

 puerperally mad state leads the sow sometimes to make mur- 

 derous assaults on man. But a more frequent, if less unfor- 

 tunate, result is, as in woman, the tendency to infanticide, to 

 the destruction of the new-born young a phenomenon not 

 confined to the sow, but exhibited also by the badger, ferret, 

 guinea-pig, hedgehog, brown bear, hamster, rabbit, and other 

 animals. 



In the mania of other animals, as of man, there is fre- 

 quently, if not generally, a development of unnatural and 

 spurious strength, succeeded by corresponding nervous and 

 muscular exhaustion. 



Of mental disorders specially characterised by depression 



