68 ARTIFICIAL INSANITY. 



so that the exact issue cannot safely or certainly in any case 

 be predicated. Thus the same toxic agent does not always or 

 necessarily produce the same effect in the same species, or 

 even in the same individual under diverse circumstances. 

 There may be exaltation or depression, or the exhibition or 

 not of this or that special propensity or passion. 



There are, fortunately or unfortunately as the issue may 

 prove in individual cases, various means of artificially pro- 

 ducing different kinds or forms of mental defect or disturb- 

 ance in the lower animals, including especially 



1. Experimental excitation chemical, mechanical, or elec- 

 trical of or in the brain, that is, by the imitation of patho- 

 logical conditions (Broussais, Pierquin, Gudden, Terrier). 



2. Drugging with narcotic or other poisons, or the in- 

 halation of narcotic or other gases, or of irritant particles 

 diffused through the air ; in other words, the production of 

 toxic insanity or toxico-mania. 



3. Provocation of various kinds and to various degrees, 

 including 



a. The persistent exhibition of hated or loved per- 



sons, animals, or things. 



b. The employment of obnoxious sounds as of 



music ; colours as red ; or sights as of un- 

 familiar and terrifying objects. 



4. Cruelty in many other forms, including 



a. The use of the goad, spur, whip, or other means 



of producing spurious courage that of despe- 

 rationin the various sports of man. 



b. The use of other objectionable instruments or 



appliances. 



c. Starvation. 



d. The ' hue and cry ' after strayed starved dogs or 



bewildered footsore cattle. 



e. The infliction of injury or wound. 



Of all these various forms of artificially creating mental 

 disturbance in some of its degrees, that which is at once the 

 most common, the most disgusting, and the least defensible, 

 is the infuriation, maddening^ furiosity or ferocity produced 

 in animals made to fight for man's diversion. 



