ARTIFICIAL INSANITY. 79 



irremediable mania, imbecility, dementia, or idiocy. And 

 similar results are apt to occur in the lower animals, 

 tinder the use of similar substances. Both in other animals 

 and man, what is, in its minor form or milder degree, 

 curable and temporary, is only too liable to become per- 

 manent and incurable. 



The usual characteristics of artificial insanity in the 

 lower animals are, or include 



1. Its sudden incidence. 



2. Its rapid progress. 



3. Its well-defined symptoms. 



4. Its limited duration; and 



5. Its curability, or the tendency to natural recovery. 

 Man, however, has it in his power, by the mode in which he 

 applies the producing cause perhaps in some instances by 

 the very nature of that cause to substitute for the usual 

 characteristics the opposite ones of 



1. Gradual and insidious development. 



2. Slowness of progress. 



3. Anomalous symptoms. 



4. Protracted existence ; and 



5. Incurability, or hopelessness of recovery. 



The artificial creation of fear, or fright, intentional 

 intimidation, for a specific purpose, whether by man, or by 

 other animals among themselves, fitly falls within the scope 

 of the present chapter. 



The specific purpose, either of man or of other animals, 

 is usually to paralyse efforts at flight, escape, or resistance- 

 to produce bewilderment, agitation, terror, immobility. And 

 the means employed to this end include, in the case of man, 

 as well as of other animals 



1. Loud discordant cries of all kinds yells, howls, roar- 

 ing. 



2. Grimaces, or facial contortion. 



3. Inflation of various bodily appendages. 



The intentional inspiration of fear, or terror, is a common 

 part of the policy of various animals in the pursuit of their 

 prey. They make efforts at intimidation, which involve a 

 knowledge of its value or uses. 



