86 INTOXICATION 1 . 



alcohol, and offered to it, the poor animal was distracted 

 between its appetite for the sugar and its dislike of the 

 spirit; it was hesitant and annoyed, reluctant to swallow 

 the nauseous sweet, equally unwilling to let it go, but finally 

 it preferred to lose the sugar rather than partake of the 

 abhorrent liquor with which it was saturated. In such a 

 case the probability is that the animal had on some previous 

 occasion experienced the disagreeable effects of alcohol, 

 administered alone, or disguised by saccharine or other 

 bribes. 



Temperance, then, so far as concerns alcoholic stimulants, 

 is sometimes, in other animals as in man, taught by expe- 

 rience : a fit of tipsiness, the fruit of incautious or thef- 

 tuous self-indulgence, may prove a salutary lesson. Jackson 

 mentions the case of a dog that, once drunk, ever after- 

 wards refused the same kind of intoxicating liquor that 

 had produced what must have been felt by itself to be dis- 

 agreeable effects to wit, beer growling even at the sight 

 of a beer pot. In all such cases there is obviously not only 

 a vivid memory or remembrance of the effects of a former in- 

 discretion or of a master's practical joke, a profiting by dis- 

 agreeable experience, a proper association of ideas, but an 

 accurate idea of causation, of the relation of cause and effect, 

 and sufficient resolution, in the event of further temptation, 

 or experiments of a similar kind, to choose the proper course 

 by avoiding or resisting them. 



Animals acquire a morbid taste for alcoholic liquors in 

 one of several ways 



1. They may acquire it for themselves directly, without 

 man's intervention, as in the case of rats broaching wine, 

 spirit, or beer casks. 



2. Alcoholic stimulants may be, in the first place, ad- 

 ministered by man as a medicine, or for the purposes of 

 physiological or other experiment as in the horse. 



3. Much more commonly alcoholic intoxicants are offered 

 to, or forced upon, various animals by man, either 



a. f For fun,' as a practical joke, in order that he 

 may amuse himself with the drunken antics, 

 orgies, or mistakes of the poor animals ; or 



