90 INTOXICATION, 



bodily feelings as headache. After drunkenness come the 

 dismals in the baboon as in man (Brehm), and it is possible, 

 nay probable, that in this condition there is frequently a 

 feeling of self-loathing on the part of an animal e.g., espe- 

 cially in dogs that have after a single experience of alcohol 

 resolutely renounced its use even when offered in the most 

 tempting forms. 



4. Stupidity in various degrees and forms, including 

 incapacity to provide for safety or appreciate danger. This 

 stupidity involves many serious, even fatal, errors of prudence 

 or policy, as in the case of a drunken monkey rashly attack- 

 ing a shark (Cassell). 



5. Eccentricities of motion in the form so common in 

 inebriate man of reeling or staggering. 



6. Stupor or stupefaction of all degrees up to the con- 

 dition known in man as * dead drunk ' insensibility, uncon- 

 sciousness, equal loss of thought, feeling, will, memory, and 

 motion ; a state of abject, prostrate helplessness, in which 

 the unfortunate animal becomes the prey of man, its other 

 enemies, or its own fellows. 



7. The series of phenomena, bodily and mental, known 

 in man as alcoholism as produced experimentally, for in- 

 stance, by Magnan, and including probably a condition 

 analogous to or approaching delirium tremens. 



8. Arrestment of physical growth. Thus gin is adminis- 

 tered to dogs to check and dwarf bodily growth (Boss). 



9. Various forms of insanity, including especially, as 

 already stated, dipsomania. 



10. Death, more or less speedy. Thus Du Chaillu men- 

 tions drunkenness followed by death in a young chimpanzee 

 from inordinate brandy drinking ; and Biichner describes an 

 orang that ' died through drinking up a bottle of rum which 

 he had stolen, uncorked and emptied.' 



Moreover, the effects of the use or abuse of alcohol in the 

 lower animals include the same kind of general, functional, 

 and organic changes as in man, the same morbid appear- 

 ances after death. Thus Dr. Richardson, who has so ably 

 and so long studied all the phenomena of alcoholism in man 

 and other animals, including those which are revealed post 



