156 CEIME AND CRIMINALITY. 



4. Capture of prisoners and making of slaves or servants. 



5. Storage of provisions. 



6. Care of females, eggs, the young, old, or helpless. 



7. Claims made by pet animals on man's attentions, or 

 even on man's very person. 



8. Charge of man's goods, including his children. 



9. Knowledge and use of personal attractions, powers, or 

 aptitudes, including physical strength. 



10. Restoration of stolen goods. 



11. Detection of theft by man, and discovery and recovery 

 of articles abstracted by him. 



12. Use of money. 



Not only, however, have many animals certain rights of 

 property, which they assert and defend among themselves or 

 against man, but the dog, at least, recognises and respects 

 man's proprietary rights. Thus the dog that catches a run- 

 away pony holds the latter by the bridle only till the master 

 of both makes his appearance, when his lawful property is 

 at once resigned to him. The same occurs when a dog, 

 elephant, or horse guards or watches an infant ; their duty 

 ceases the moment the human nurse, mistress or master, is 

 forthcoming. Moreover, certain dogs distinguish the pro- 

 perty of different members of a family, as well as the belong- 

 ings of different parts of the person of each (Watson). 



There are certain other forms of theft among the lower 

 animals that deserve a brief consideration here. One of the 

 most interesting of these is the abduction of the young of 

 other individuals, belonging, it may be, to other species 

 or genera, by bereaved or barren females. And it is a 

 theft, moreover, that sometimes has serious consequences to 

 the abducted young ; for in the case of sterile females 

 bitches and mares there is no milk- supply on which to 

 bring up these unfortunate foster-young, and they necessarily 

 perish (Pierquin). 



A bereaved bitch sometimes steals the pups of some other 

 bitch, or the young of some other animal for instance, 

 kittens and suckles them, bringing them up as tenderly as 

 if they were her own. This she does obviously for the 

 gratification of her imperious maternal instinct. The object 



