166 CEIME AND CRIMINALITY. 



body of the murdered duck. His long hair had become 

 entangled in the thorns of a rose tree, while he was engaged 

 in burying his victim, and fear of detection and reproof had 

 caused him to remain a silent captive for so many hours' 

 (Wood). 



In certain cases, the dog or other animals make, or try 

 to make, atonement for their thefts or other crimes in the 

 case of theft for instance, by the restoration of stolen goods 

 to their proper owner; or in the case of a dog, rebuked 

 for greed as to food, by presenting to a starving fellow what 

 itself did not need (Wood). The siamang caught in theft 

 replaces the stolen goods (Houzeau). 



There are yet sundry features in the natural history of 

 crime in the lower animals that require passing notice ; for 

 instance 



1. The deliberation and determination so frequently 

 evinced. 



2. The ingenuity in devising means, including stratagem 

 or ruse, and cunning in using them. 



3. The patience in waiting and watching for opportunity. 



4. Intention or design to deceive or defraud, steal or 

 murder, as the case may be. 



5. Knowledge of the consequence of crime deserved 

 punishment. 



6. Audacity. 



7. Malice and relentlessness. 



A fight between two Polar bears male and female 

 in the Zoological Gardens of Cologne, occurred in the 

 autumn of 1876. The female became exhausted, and was 

 then dragged by the male ' into the water basin in the den, 

 and held down till life was quite extinct. He then pulled 

 her out and dragged the body for a considerable time round 

 the den ' ( c Nature '), perhaps to make sure of her death. 

 Precisely the same thing has been done, or attempted, by 

 the dog, in killing a rival or enemy by drowning : the head 

 of the victim is thrust under water and held there till there 

 can be no doubt of its death. 



Certain ravens, desirous of stealing food from a dog, 

 adopted the following successful and simple ruse: they 



