170 PHYSIOGNOMY OF DISEASE. 



The physiognomy of disease in other animals is not less 

 important than it is in man. More especially is it so in 

 reference to the early detection of those diseases which are 

 directly dangerous to human life such as rabies and in- 

 sanity. The important and eloquent physiognomy of disease 

 in the lower animals has as yet met with small, if any, 

 attention ; whereas, if the physiognomy, for instance, of 

 insanity, or of other disorders, psychical or physical, in man 

 is important, it must be at least equally so in the case of 

 other animals, where the same kind of assistance in diagnosis 

 is not forthcoming, in consequence of the absence of speech 

 and writing. The whole comprehensive subject of the 

 physiognomy of insanity in the lower animals the facial 

 expression, the facileness or ferocity of look that charac- 

 terise mental defect, silliness, or weakness, and all the varied 

 forms of mental derangement have yet to be fully studied. 

 And this is but one important department of the still more 

 comprehensive subject of the physiognomy of disease, which 

 expresses itself outwardly in an infinite variety of facial or 

 general motor or other phenomena. In such animals as the 

 dog, horse, and ox the chief outward expressions of serious 

 internal disease of mind or body, or both are the fol- 

 lowing : 



I. Changes in look, including 



a. An indefinableness or indefinable strangeness of 



the character of the eye, look, or gaze ; for 

 instance, in rabies (Fleming) or coming in- 

 sanity. 



b. Vacancy and fixity of gaze or stare. 



c. Brilliancy and restlessness of the eye, including 



wildness, fierceness, or fieriness. 



d. Immobility, impassiveness, or inexpressiveness of 



feature or of facial expression. 



e. The opposite condition of extreme mobility, in- 



cessant feature- change ; e.g., in some forms of 



insanity. 

 /. Unnatural gloom or gloominess of countenance ; 



with the 

 g. Opposite state of unnatural vivacity. 



