PHYSIOGNOMY OF DISEASE. 181 



Thus the flight of a dog along the crowded streets of a 

 city is not necessarily attributable either to terror or insanity. 

 But this simple and natural action of the animal's is so apt 

 to be misunderstood by an ignorant, superstitious populace, 

 that it is usually ascribed to madness. The cry of 'mad dog' 

 immediately begets persecution: that produces in a timid 

 animal terror and despair, if they did not previously exist ; 

 vicious biting is developed in self-defence ; and rabies itself, or 

 ephemeral mania, may occasionally really result under such 

 circumstances (Pierquin). The shrieks or screams of rabies 

 may be, and probably are, attributable to delusional alarm. 

 But not necessarily so ; for they may spring also from mere 

 bodily pare. 



Disease, mental or bodily, may give rise to, or be ex- 

 pressed by in the first instance at least some one group of 

 the changes already enumerated as constituting a sort of 

 language of disease that is to say, our attention is arrested 

 at first, or for the time, by some one group, such as change 

 in look, voice-sound, or behaviour. But more usually, and 

 sooner or later, the groups are conjoined in various combina- 

 tions, so that in the course of any given disease, whether of 

 mind, or body, or both, we have to do with perhaps the whole 

 series of changes in question, which may be developed in 

 any order of precedence and succession. 



Thus the morbid mental phenomena of phrenitis in the 

 sheep or lamb (Youatt) include, in the order of their deve- 

 lopment 



1. Change of aspect and habits. 



2. Delirium. 



3. Fury variously described as, and amounting to, fero- 

 city, franticness or frenzy, or mania, marked by its sudden- 

 ness and periodicity, its paroxysmal occurrence in fits. 



The whole series of symptoms is here apt to be confounded 

 with those of rabies. 



The morbid mental phenomena of sturdy in the same 

 animals, the sheep and lamb, according to Pierquin include 

 both motor and mental peculiarities, viz : 



1. Indifference to, or non -recognition of, the dog and 

 shepherd ; passing into general apathy. 



