202 PHYSICAL CAUSES OF 



stupidity or lethargy. The result, however, is determined 

 very much according to the animal's age. Puppies are made 

 sulky and unhappy by the operation of rounding, says Walsh. 

 Lord Southesk, however, referring to the sleigh dogs of the 

 Indians of the Saskatchewan district of North America, 

 mentions that * many of the male dogs of this wolfish sort 

 had been emasculated to tame their fierceness and spirit 

 without spoiling them for their work ; ' a statement which 

 would lead to the inference that the effects of castration in 

 the dog are not always or altogether bad, as they are re- 

 presented to be by Fleming, Pierquin, and Walsh. 



By castration, too, the vicious, unmanageable bull is 

 rendered docile and submissive ; and viciousiiess being 

 removed, all the dangers arising therefrom are equally so. 

 The ram, also, whose sexual excitement is intense and dan- 

 gerous from its aggressiveness, becomes inoffensive after 

 castration (Fleming). White remarks on the similar results 

 in changing the natural propensities from removal of 

 the tusks of the boar, a fierce and venereous animal, which 

 after castration loses altogether its sexual appetite. 



The parallelism in character between the castrated horse 

 and the human eunuch has been remarked upon by Maudsley. 

 The stoppage of mental growth in the eunuch of the Turkish 

 harem, the deterioration or degeneration in him of mental 

 character require, therefore, only a passing reference here. 



The spaying of female animals by veterinarians has as its 

 object to render them docile 5 and the operation acts in a 

 similar way to castration, by removing the organs on which 

 erotic furor depends. 



Other forms of surgical mutilation of organs produce even 

 more immediate and marked mental results in other animals 

 to wit, excision of the antennae in ants as practised experi- 

 mentally by Latreille and Lubbock. Latreille says the animals 

 operated on fall at once into a state of delirium or mania : 

 6 Je vis aussitot ces petits animaux que j'avois ainsi mutiles 

 tomber dans un etat d'ivresse, ou une espece de folie. Us 

 erroient 93, et la, et ne reconnoissoient plus leur chemin.' 

 Lubbock says of one that ' had lost the terminal portion of 

 both antennse : ' she seemed to have lost her wits ; she 



