PRODUCED BY MENTAL CAUSES. 261 



probably a cardiac effect of fear in the first instance in 

 many cases, gradually or suddenly involving the lungs. 

 Panting, as well as inability to eat, occurs in the dog from 

 fright (Cobbe). 



Veritable fainting, or syncope, occurs occasionally under 

 fear or from the shock of surprise or joy, just as in man, in 

 the same sort of individuals and under the same kinds of 

 circumstances. Thus we are told of a parroquet fainting on 

 again seeing a loved mistress after an absence (Davies) ; but 

 in this case the weakness of abstinence from food coexisted 

 with the shock of joy. Miss Cobbe speaks of regular swoon- 

 ing or fainting fits in the dog as the effect of mental shock. 

 Darwin describes monkeys, as well as canaries and robins, 

 as fainting under fear or terror, and fainting is common in 

 timid nervous animals captured by man, such as squirrels 

 and small birds. 



Low remarks on the effect of harsh language on the 

 pulse of the horse. The effect of emotion on the condition 

 of the pulse in this and other animals is a legitimate and 

 interesting subject for man's observation and experiment, for 

 at present we have almost no information on the subject, 

 and the acquisition of information of a trustworthy and 

 useful kind is obviously easy. 



Hypersemia and ansernia are virtually synonymous with 

 the marked colour changes in the skin or various of its 

 appendages, which form so common an expression of emotion 

 in many animals. Hypercemia is synonymous with determi- 

 nation of blood and its result reddening or flushing of 

 this or that conspicuous part of the body. Congestion of 

 the eye, leading to fieriness or fierceness of expression, is a 

 common result of anger or annoyance in many animals, in 

 whom the glaring, staring, blood-flushed eyeballs warn man, 

 or other animals, or its prey, of an animal's temper. Darwin 

 states that certain monkeys redden under the influence of 

 passion, while they become pale or pallid under fear. 



Pallor, anaemia or blanching of the face from fear may be 

 seen especially in certain barefaced monkeys (Sutton), while 

 exciting emotions, such as passion, produce in them redden- 

 ing, flushing, suffusion indeed all the degrees of hypersemia. 



