INDIVIDUALITY. 279 



the original causation of which is problematical. Of such 

 a nature is the rooted aversion so frequently shown by certain 

 dogs, even while quite young, and utterly void of any experi- 

 ence of ill-usage towards butchers or fleshers, their shops, 

 clothes, and everything belonging to them that can literally 

 smell of the shop, themselves, or their peculiar work. As 

 has been fully shown by Huggins, Darwin, Eansom, and 

 others, dogs express their feelings of detestation of butchers 

 and their shops by 



1. Avoidance of both passing on the other side of a 

 street, or not at all entering a street, containing a butcher's 

 shop, or the shop of some particular flesher. 



2. The display of all manner of anger, rage, ferocity, and 

 excitement, perhaps culminating in, or leading to, dangerous 

 assaults upon man's person. 



This special form of dislike and antagonism of dogs to 

 butchers, with the ferocity to which it gives rise, sometimes 

 pervades a whole breed of dogs. Of similar character 

 appears to be the antipathy of dogs to vivisectors. 



Dogs exhibit strong and strange dislikes in many other 

 ways, of many other kinds, some of them explicable, others 

 not. Thus certain dogs show a decided repugnance to, or 

 hatred of, dog-stealers or of killers of stray dogs, regarding 

 such men and very properly so as their enemies (Low). 

 Here the cause or motive is intelligible ; the antipathy may 

 naturally arise from the fate the animal has seen befall its 

 comrades, its mate, or offspring ; possibly it may itself have 

 escaped from the clutches of the thief or slayer. 



But the equally frequent and decided dislike to strangers, 

 simply as such, is not so easily explained. No doubt in 

 this and many other cases a cause may be assigned and 

 accepted ; for instance, that the suspicious animal fears 

 rivalry in the attraction of its master's attention or affec- 

 tion. At present, however, we have nothing to do with the 

 causation of animal peculiarities ; we have simply to note 

 the fact of their existence. 



Dogs exhibit antipathy to Indians, as horses also fre- 

 quently do, in North America. The terrier shows a hatred 

 of weasels and rats (Low). A female bull-pup of Mrs. Bur- 



