INDIVIDUALITY. 283 



says; whereas another spider seemed to be fond of them, 

 as were also a wasp and a monkey. Again, the lampyridtB 

 among beetles are distasteful to insectivorous mammals and 

 birds. 6 They were invariably rejected by my monkey, and 

 my fowls would not touch them.' Again, we are told of 

 fowls and ducks refusing a certain Nicaraguan frog. A 

 young duck that snatched up one inadvertently, ' instead of 

 swallowing it .... instantly threw it out of its mouth, 

 and went about jerking its head as if trying to throw off 

 some unpleasant taste ' (Belt). But in such statements it 

 is necessary to distinguish individuality in different animals 

 of the same species or family from the characteristics or 

 peculiarities of different species and genera. 



It frequently happens that in the same individual there 

 is a remarkable conjunction of likings and dislikes. This is 

 most commonly illustrated in regard to articles of diet. The 

 utia, for instance, has a repugnance to animal food, but a 

 partiality for wine (Cassell). But such character-contrasts 

 in the same animal at the same time extend also to its 

 attachments and animosities to persons, and to many other 

 features in its disposition and habits. 



Reverting to individuality in the dog, some dogs may be 

 characterised as matter-of-fact or prosaic, compared with 

 others that are fanciful or imaginative, full of whims, vaga- 

 ries, or crotchets. The latter animals take singular c fancies,' 

 exhibit marked caprice, form unaccountable attachments, 

 indulge in eccentric habits of various kinds. Wynter tells 

 us of a Newfoundland dog that attended every funeral in 

 the neighbourhood, assuming, moreover, the place of chief 

 mourner; and of a terrier that swallowed any number of 

 crooked pins, but only crooked ones. ' He would bend them 

 with his teeth before swallowing them.' 



Dogs, again, show marked differences in mettle, in 

 courage, moral or physical, or both ('Animal World'). 

 Milan poodles are described as naturally serious, solemn, 

 and steady, or as giddy and frolicsome (Watson) a dif- 

 ference, however, that is frequently determined, even in the 

 same individual, simply by age. 



Breeds of dogs are distinguished by special mental, as by 



