MEDICAL AND SUKGICAL TKEATMENT. 377 



tempts. After successful surgical treatment by a humane 

 surgeon, it showed its recognition of the services conferred 

 by gratitude to its benefactor. The robin redbreast submits 

 itself voluntarily to surgical operation by man ('Animal 

 World'). . Even in the intractable eagle Watson gives a case 

 of patient submission to a surgical operation, and of judi- 

 cious behaviour during convalescence. It tried or tested 

 the use or usefulness of its wounded limb gradually, ex- 

 perimentally, by e moderate and reasonable exercise.' 



All such incidents, illustrative of sick or wounded ani- 

 mals submitting themselves voluntarily to man's remedial 

 treatment, involve the possession and exhibition by the said 

 animals of the following among other mental qualities : 



1 . Confidence in man ; in his power, as well as willing- 

 ness to assist ; in the superiority of his power to their own 

 or that of their fellows : respect, therefore, for his superior 

 wisdom and power. 



2. The memory of benefits conferred, and the expectation 

 of further and similar good service. 



3. Self-control in repressing the natural expressions of 

 pain, in subduing their natural distrust of, or enmity to, man. 



4. Vivid appreciation of physical evil, and of the means 

 necessary for overcoming, averting, or removing it. 



5. Preference of temporary severe remedies to permanent 

 or prolonged disablement or suffering. 



6. That form of general intelligence known among men 

 as good sense. 



7. Understanding of man's object and the means of attain- 

 ing it. 



8. Patience, perseverance, fortitude, endurance. 



9. G-ratitude permanent or temporary for relief from 

 suffering. 



10. Imitation, which is sometimes largely operative. 



11. Co-operation with man for their own good. 



12. Profiting by experience. 



13. The drawing of practical inferences or conclusions. 



14. Sense of bodily illness; of recovery; and of the 

 means by which the latter was brought about. 



15. Sense of failure, of personal helplessness, of physical 

 or other inability to compass certain ends. 



