134 



MODERN HORSE MANAGEMENT 



[CHAP. 



Horses are seldom given purgative salts. If 

 a ball does not act in twenty-four hours, a pint 

 of raw linseed oil must be given, and, if neces- 

 sary, repeated in five hours. Large doses of aloes 

 produce nausea and colic ; for this reason aloes 

 is always combined with a stomachic or stimu- 

 lant, as ginger or nux vomica, to prevent griping. 



Much cold water must not be given until the 

 action of the purgative has partly gone off ; 

 water should be made tepid. Horses must not 

 be worked until the action has passed off. Aloes 

 must not be repeated for at least thirty-six hours. 

 Linseed oil is safe in pregnancy, diarrhoea, and 

 dysentery. Carron oil is useful in cases of foals 

 with diarrhoea. Afterwards horses must be fed 

 on easily-digested foods, such as mashes, until 

 action is passed, and then be fed carefully for 

 a few days. 



For Balls, Aloes, and Aloin, see Sec. 509. 



A suitable purgative for a few-months'-old 

 foal which is constipated is rhubarb (rhei), A oz. 

 to 1 oz. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 



517. LIQUID MEASURES. IMPERIAL MEASURE. 



60 minims (tt\) = 1 fluid drachm (f3) (fl. dr.). 



3 fluid drachms = 1 fluid ounce (fg) (fl. oz.). 

 20 fluid ounces = 1 pint (O.) (pt.). 



8 pints = 1 gallon (C.) (gal.). 



518. STANDARD WEIGHTS. At 62 Fahr. and baro- 

 meter at 30 inches. 



1 fluid ounce weighs 1 ounce 



Avoirdupois = 437J grains. 



1 gallon weighs 160 ounces = 10 Ib. 

 1 pint weighs 20 ounces = 1J- Ib. 

 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62J Ib. 

 1 cubic inch weighs 252 gr. 

 1 ounce equals nearly 2 cubic inches. 



519. WINE MEASURE. American liquid measure. 

 8 fluid drachms = 1 fluid ounce. 



60 minims = 1 fluid drachm. 



16 fluid ounces = 1 pint. 

 8 pints = l gallon (128 ounces). 



1 wine gallon of distilled water weighs approxi- 

 mately 8} Ib. 



1 fluid ounce wine measure weighs 454-6 gr. 

 The wine ounce is larger than the Imperial ounce, 

 but the wine pint is smaller than the Imperial pint. 



520. HOUSEHOLD LIQUID MEASURES. 



1 tumblerful = 8 to 10 fluid ounces. 



1 teacupful = 5 to 8 fluid ounces. 



1 wineglassful = 2 fluid ounces. 



1 tablespoonful = J ounce,or4fluiddrachms. 



1 dessertspoonful = \ oz. or 2 fluid drachms. 



1 teaspoonful = 1 fluid drachm. 



1 drop of water = 1 minim (approximately). 



521. SOLID WEIGHTS. Apothecaries' Weight. 

 20 grains = 1 scruple (3). 



3 scruples = 1 drachm. (3). 



60 grains (gr.) = 1 drachm. 

 8 drachms or 480 grains = 1 ounce (g). 

 12 ounces or 5,760 grains = pound (Ib.). 

 All dispensing is done, and formula are made up, 

 with this weight. 



522. TROY WEIGHT. 



480 grains = 1 



12 ounces, or 5,760 grains = 1 



523. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 

 16 drachms 



437| grains 



16 ounces or 7,000 grains 

 25 Ib. (Canada) 

 28 Ib. (England) 



ounce, 

 pound. 



1 ounce. 

 1 ounce. 

 1 Ib. 



1 quarter. 

 1 quarter. 

 1 hundredweight 

 (cwt). 



= 1 ton. 



All drugs are bought and sold by this weight. 



The grain of all weights is the same. 



480 minims of water weigh 1 oz. avoirdupois = 



439J gr., therefore 1 minim of water weighs 



a little less than 1 grain. 

 524. GRAIN MEASURE (or DRY MEASURE). 



20 cwt { 2 ' 0001b -t 

 Al- t 2,240 Ib.j 



525. HAY AND STRAW WEIGHTS. 



1 truss of old hay = 

 1 truss of new hay = 

 1 truss of straw = 

 1 load 



1 load of old hay = 

 1 load of new hay = 



526 



56 Ib. 



60 Ib. (until Sept. 1st). 



36 Ib. 



36 trusses. 



2,016 Ib. 



2,160 Ib. 



1,296 Ib. 



load of straw 

 THE METRIC SYSTEM. 



Liquid 



1 cubic centimetre of water, at Centigrade 

 and barometer at 760 millimetres, weighs 

 1 gramme. 

 1000 cubic centimetres (cc.) = 1 litre. 



1 litre = approximately 35 fluid ounces Imperial 

 = 1| Imperial pints. 



Weight 

 1 gramme (gm.) = 15-432 grains (gr.). 



1000 grammes 



100 

 10 

 1 

 1 

 01 

 001 



1 metre is 

 of the earth. 

 1000 metres = 

 100 = 

 10 



kilogram (approx. 2i Ib. 



avoir.). 

 = 1 hectogram. 

 = 1 decagram. 

 = 1 gram (15-432 gr.) 

 == 1 decigram. 

 = 1 centigram. 

 = 1 milligram (^ 4 -th gr.). 

 Linear 



part of the circumference 



1 kilometre (approx. f mile). 

 1 hectometre. 

 1 decametre. 



1 metre = 39-3708 inches (approx. 1 ^ yards). 



1 ,, =1 decimetre. 



01 =1 centimetre (approx. T * - inch). 



001 =1 millimetre (approx. ' T inch.) 



