PHARMACOPOEIA, PHARMACY, AND GLOSSARY 



137 



DIGESTION : the process of converting food into 

 materials fit to be assimilated. 



DISCUTIENTS : drugs that absorb tumours and fluid 

 in the body, e.g. acetic acid, ammonium chloride, 

 camphor, iodine, pot. iodide, soda chloride. 



DISHING : the act of carrying the lower parts of the 

 forelegs turned out while trotting. 



DISINFECTANTS : drugs that destroy micro-organisms 

 or toxins. (See " Antiseptics.") 



DIURETICS: drugs that stimulate the secretion of 

 urine from the kidneys. Used to reduce fever 

 and to remove poisons and fluid from the body, 

 e.g. ether, spirits ether nitrate, aloes, ammonium 

 chloride, belladonna, cantharides, digitalis, mer- 

 cury subchloride, magnesium sulphate, potas- 

 sium salts, sodium salts, turpentine. 



DUA.STICS : drugs that produce rapid and plentiful 

 purging, e.g. aloes, croton oil, mercury sub- 

 chloride, podophyllin, veratrine, arecolene, pilo- 

 carpine, physostigmine (eserine). 



DRENCH : a liquid medicine or compound that is 

 administered by the mouth. 



ECBOLICS : drugs that contract the uterus (womb 

 used at parturition), e.g. digitalis, ergot, purga- 

 tives, quinine. 



EFFLUVIA (plural of effluvium) : ill - smelling ex- 

 halations. 



EFFUSION : the escape of fluid into a part or tissue. 



ELECTUARY (see Sec. 509, No. 10) : a powdered drug 

 made into a paste with syrup, etc. 



ELIMINATIVES : drugs that eliminate matter from 

 the system by increasing the secretions. (See 

 " Cathartics," " Diaphoretics," " Diuretics," 

 " Emetics," " Expectorants," " Galactagogues," 

 " Sialagogues.") 



EMBRYO : the foetus in its earlier stage of develop- 

 ment. 



EMBRYONIC : pertaining to, or in the condition of 

 being, an embryo. 



EMETICS : drugs that empty the stomach through 

 the mouth (never used in horses), e.g. apomor- 

 phine, tartar emetic, copper sulphate, mercury 

 subchloride, podophyllin. 



EMOLLIENTS : substances which soothe sensitive sur- 

 faces and prevent irritation, e.g. lard, borax, fats, 

 glycerine, lanolin, oils, poultices, vaseline. 



EMPYEMA : accumulation of pus in a body cavity, 

 especially the chest. 



EMULSION : an oily or resinous substance divided and 

 held in suspension through the agency of a mucila- 

 ginous substance. 



ENEMA : clyster or injection ; the injection of a liquid 

 into the rectum. 



ENZOOTIC : occurring endemically among animals. 



EPIPHYSES (plural of epiphysis) : the ends of a long 

 bone that are separated from the main shaft in 

 early life by cartilage. 



EPITHELIAL : pertaining to, or composed of, epithe- 

 lium. 



EPITHELIUM : the covering of the skin and mucous 

 membranes, composed of cells. 



EPIZOOTIC : any disease which occurs as an epidemic, 

 rapidly spreading and becoming widely diffused. 



ERYTHROCYTES : the red blood corpuscles. 



ESCHAROTICS : drugs that produce a scab or sitfast 

 when applied to living tissue. (See " Caustics.") 



EXHILARANTS : drugs that exalt the spirits and thus 

 increase the functional activity of the whole 

 body, stimulating heart, nervous system, etc. 

 (See " Stimulants Diffusible.") 



EXOSTOSIS : a bony growth projecting from the sur- 

 face of a bone or tooth. 



EXPECTORANTS : drugs that increase the secretions 

 of the bronchial tract (used in sore throats, irrit- 

 able coughs, etc.), e.g. ether, ammonia, ammo- 

 nium chloride, aniseed, camphor, eucalyptus, 

 pot. chlorate, turpentine. 



FACET : a small, smooth surface on a bone. 



F.E. : fluid extract, a standardised solution of a drug, 

 in which, as a rule, 1 dr. of the F.E. contains 

 1 gr. of the active principle. 



FEBRIFUGES : drugs that counteract fever. (See 

 " Antipyretics," " Laxatives.") 



FECUNDATION : impregnation or fertilisation. 



FERRO-CONCRETE : concrete reinforced with iron rods. 



FETID : offensive in smell. 



FEVER : a disease marked by an increase of bodily 

 temperature. 



FISSURE : a cleft or groove. 



FLESH : muscle. 



FOETUS : the unborn in the womb, after the embryonic 

 stage. 



FORAMEN : a hole or perforation, especially in a bone. 



FOSSA : a pit, depression, or hollow. 



FROG : the triangular pad situated in the posterior- 

 medial portion of the horse's foot. (See P. 139.) 



GALACTAGOGUES : glands that increase the secretion 

 of milk from the mammary glands. Jaborandi 

 is a slight galactagogue. Albuminoid and fatty 

 foods increase the supply of milk. General good 

 health is of the first importance. 



GANGRENE : mortification or non-molecular death of 

 a part. 



GLENOID CAVITY : a pit or socket. 



H^EMATINICS : drugs that increase the number of 

 red blood corpuscles, e.g. iron salts, manganese 

 dioxide. 



HAEMOSTATICS : drugs that arrest haemorrhage (given 

 in internal haemorrhage), e.g. carbolic acid, dil. 

 sulphuric acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, adrenalin 

 chloride, lime-water, catechu, ergot, iron per- 

 chloride, turpentine. 



HEAD (of a bone) : that portion which articulates 

 with another bone. 



HERNIA : the protrusion of a loop of an organ through 

 an abnormal opening. 



HIATUS : a gap or fissure ; the vulva. 



HYDRAGOGUES : drugs that produce a very liquid 

 evacuation, e.g. aloes, croton oil, jalap. 



HYGIENE : the science of health and of its preserva- 

 tion. 



HYP. : hypodermic. 



HYPODERMIC (injection) : an injection under the 

 skin. 



HYPERTROPHY : an overgrowth of an organ or tissue. 



HYPNOTICS : drugs that produce sleep, e.g. pot. bro- 

 mide, cannabis indicn, chloral hydrate, opium or 

 morphine, chloroform. 



