SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 



55 



also we find the center of the hog-raising industry. 

 The even rainfall of the northern and eastern sections 

 of the country accounts for good grass and grain crops 

 and a large part of the dairy industry of the country. 

 Near the lake and coastal regions we find much of the 

 fruit industry centered because of the moderating 

 effect of water on the climate of these regions. 



Climatic conditions determine the progress of civi- 

 lization. Extremes of climatic factors do not make for 

 progress in civilization, and areas which experience 

 frequent changes of temperature, pressure, sunshine, 

 and humidity are the places where human energy is at 

 its highest. Tropical regions with their extreme heat, 

 high humidity, and resultant dense growth provide dif- 

 ficult living conditions and tend to retard progress. 

 The extreme low temperatures of the Arctic and Ant- 

 arctic regions make life there very difficult, and as a 

 result civilization in these regions has never pro- 

 gressed far, as evidenced by the primitive type of life 

 led by the Eskimo. On the other hand, we find that 

 civilizations have made the greatest progress in gen- 

 eral when they have been located in more temperate 

 climates or where changes are experienced more fre- 

 quently. 



REFERENCES FOR FURTHER STUDY 

 Texts 



Caldwell and Curtis, Science for Today, Chap. 13 



Clement, Collister, and Thurston, Our Surroundings, Chap. 



9 

 Lake, Harley, and Welton, Exploring the World of Science, 



Chap. 9 

 Pieper and Beauchamp, Everyday Problems in Science, Unit 



3 



Powers, Neuner, and Bruner, This Changing World, Unit 2 

 Skilling, Tours through the World of Science, Tour 3 

 Van Buskirk and Smith, The Science of Everyday Life, 



Chap. 6 



Watkins and Bedell, General Science for Today, Chap. 3 

 Webb and Beauchamp, Science by Observation and Experi- 

 ment, Unit 7 (part) 



Wood and Carpenter, Our Environment: How We Adapt 

 Ourselves to It, Unit 2 



Special references 



Carpenter, Geographical Readers 



WHAT YOU SHOULD AIM TO ACQUIRE FROM 

 THIS STUDY 



1. A knowledge of the various types of climates of 

 the world. 



2. The causes of unequal heating of the air and 

 how this affects climate. 



3. How rainfall affects climate. 



4. How nearness to bodies of water affects the cli- 

 mate of a region. 



5. How altitude affects climate. 



6. How ocean currents influence the climate of cer- 

 tain areas. 



7. How the climate of a given region determines its 

 plant and animal life. 



TEST OF MASTERY OF THE TOPIC 



In your notebook answer the questions and comply with 

 the instructions. 



1. Give reasons for the unequal heating of the atmos- 

 phere. 



2. What is the average rainfall of your region? 



3. How are the climates of the eastern and western slopes 

 of the Rocky Mountains determined by the prevailing winds 

 of that region ? 



4. Why does a large body of water moderate the climate 

 of the surrounding region ? 



5. Why is the climate of England milder than that of the 

 eastern United States, even though it is considerably farther 

 north? 



6. List some of the different types of climate found on the 

 the earth. Give an example of each. 



7. In what way does altitude affect climate? Give an ex- 

 ample. 



8. Show how moving from a tropical city to some place 

 in Alaska would affect one's mode of living. 



9. Does climate affect the progress of mankind? Explain. 



10. How is relative humidity a determining factor of 

 climate? 



11. It has been said that during the 45 days from May 

 31 to July 16, the region about the North Pole actually re- 

 ceives more heat than does an equal area anywhere else on 

 earth. Explain why, then, the north polar regions do not 

 become gradually warmer. 



12. How does the length of day and night affect the sun's 

 heating power and therefore the climate of a given region? 



13. The divides the Tropic Zone from the South 



Temperate Zone. 



14. The Tropic of Capricorn lies between _ 



and 



15. Explain the difference in heating power of the slant- 

 ing and direct rays of the sun. 



16. How much is the axis of the earth inclined to the 

 plane of its orbit? 



17. From your study of this topic predict the probable 

 conditions in the arctic region on September 21 concerning 

 the following: relative lengths of day and night, relative 

 temperature. 



18. Establish a possible cause for ocean currents. 



SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 



Reading suggestions 



Brooks, Why the Weather? (Harcourt) 



Archibald, The Story of the Earth's Atmosphere (Ap- 



pleton) 



Bond, The American Boys' Engineering Book (Lip- 

 pincott) 



Longstreth, Reading the Weather (Macmillan) 

 Rolt-Wheeler, The Boy with the U. S. Weather Men 



(Lothrop) 



Fisk, Exploring the Upper Atmosphere (Oxford) 

 Harrison, Daylight, Twilight, Darkness, and Time 



(Silver) 



