HOW HEAT IS PRODUCED 



125 



ca/ FLOW CHART /faar/y crude oil/faff? tve//tohnis/iedptv(/uct. 



MOTOR FUEL 



FINISHED 

 KEROSENE 



-v^ 



APPROXIMATE YIELD OF PRODUCTS 

 , FROM 100 GALLONS OF CRUDE OIL 



Gasoline ..,.. ,~. ........ . 



fuelOU 36 



/Miscellaneous: coke, asphalt 



paraffin wax. road oil. <aJa... 8 



Kerosene- _ -..- ....., 6 



Lubricants -. . ..- 3 " 



Loss. ^ ..._.._....,,.,. S ' 



Total .-..,- 



..-..lOOAf 



f U=| HEAVY FUEL OILS 

 ' coc 



FINISHED 



LUBRICATING 



OILS 



RAW GASOLINE 



GAS OIL 

 PARAFFIN OILS 



ASPHALT 



Courtesy American Petroleum Institute 



FIG. 195. DIAGRAMATIC SCHEME OF PETROLEUM REFINING 



2. A knowledge of the various ways by which heat 

 can be produced. 



3. A knowledge of various types of fuels, their rela- 

 tive costs and uses. 



TEST OF MASTERY OF THE TOPIC 



In your notebook complete the statements, answer the 

 questions, and comply with the instructions. 



1. Make a list of the most commonly used fuels. 



2. The two principal elements in fuels are 



3. The principal element in coal is . 



4. Coal was formed from 



5. Rapid oxidation which produces noticeable heat and 

 light is called . 



6. The most important source of heat energy on the earth 

 is _ 



7. Give some examples of producing heat by friction. 



8. Most of our coal in the United States is mined in 



9. The chief products of combustion are and 



10. How does anthracite coal differ from bituminous 

 coal? 



11. What are some of the substances other than fuels that 

 are secured from coal ? 



12. How is coke obtained commercially ? 



13. How much more efficient is anthracite coal than wood 

 as a fuel? 



14. Make a list of the common fuels in the order that 

 you would select them for heating your home if cost were 

 not a consideration. 



15. Make a diagram of a coal gas plant. Label all the 

 parts. 



16. Explain how petroleum is secured from the earth. 



17. Make a list of some of the substances other than 

 fuel oil that are secured from petroleum. 



18. The process by which gasoline, kerosene, and other 

 substances are separated from petroleum is known as _ 



It is made possible because these substances all have different 

 points. 



19. In the coal-gas plant, is removed by the water. 



20. What type of fuel supplies most of our heat energy 

 in the United States? 



