VOLUME TABLES 39 



ways a small fraction of a cubic foot, is treated 

 as a cone, and cubed by the formula 



where V is the volume, M the area of the last 

 cut, and h the length of the last section. 



The stump is also included in the calculation 

 of the total volume, but the flare of the roots is 

 left out of account. The diameter at the ground 

 is regarded as the diameter on the stump plus 

 the diameter of the young seedling whose height 

 is the same as that of the stump, and whose age 

 is the number of years required for the seedling 

 to grow to the height of the stump. 



The values in board feet were calculated by 

 means of measurements taken at the small end 

 of each log, from tables constructed by Doyle's 

 Rule, the common standard of the region. Ac- 

 cording to this rule the number of board feet in 

 a log 16 feet long is found by subtracting 4 from 

 the diameter inside the bark at the small end, 

 expressed in inches, and squaring the result. 

 Thus a 16-foot log 24 inches across the upper 

 end inside the bark would contain 400 feet board 

 measure, because 24—4=20, and 20x20=400. 

 This rule is intended to give the quantity of 

 square-edged one-inch boards which may be 



