THE DOG. 85 



with a small application of the principles of training, 

 you will easily effect this useful qualification. In 

 teaching your young dog to back, it will be neces- 

 sary for your old one to make a point ; and should 

 the young one be in a distant part of the field, call to 

 him ; and as soon as you perceive he sees the old 

 dog, hold up your hand, using at the same time the 

 word toho! By practising this two or three times, 

 you will find your dog back without farther trouble. 

 However, should he prove obstinate, the whip will 

 not fail to procure obedience. 



If, when you come to shoot over your young dog, 

 you find he breaks away on the shot, you must bring 

 him back to the place whence he run, and there, 

 making him lie down, call down-charge! if words 

 prove insufficient, the whip must be resorted to, 

 which will assuredly answer the purpose. It is for 

 this reason that the dog should never be taught to 

 fetch the bird when killed ; if he is, it will be diffi- 

 cult, if not impossible, to make him steady on the shot. 



It may not be amiss to observe, that occasionally 

 the best of dogs may make mistakes, such as spring 

 ing birds, &c. and this frequently happens on bad 

 scenting days, or in accidentally hunting down wind ; 

 arid in these cases it will be sufficient to speak angrily 

 to him, but by no means to flog him. 



Some writers, in giving directions for training 

 pointers, advise you at first to make use of pieces of 

 bread, fried in hog's lard with partridge's dung, and 



