170 POME FRUITS 



The pupil should know the names of the apples he brings. Then 

 the whole collection should be studied until each pupil is able 

 to recognize the apples of many varieties. The general ap- 

 pearance, keeping qualities, and flavor of each should be studied. 

 In a town or city a single apple of each of several varieties on 

 sale in fruit stores may be studied. 



2. To illustrate the general plan of propagating apple trees 

 the following exercise should be performed. Plant a number 

 of apple seeds in the ground ; and when the seedlings come up 

 in the spring, carefully cultivate them in order to get rapid 

 growth. In the fall remove the young trees with their roots 

 from the ground, tie them in a bundle, and keep in moist sand 

 in a cool cellar through the winter. Store in the same way the 

 scions cut from a vigorous apple tree of the variety that you 

 wish to propagate. Sometime during the winter the scions 

 should be grafted to the seedlings at the point where the stem 

 of each joins the root system. Place the grafted trees in the 

 sand and in the spring set them out in the nursery bed. After 

 two more years of growth, the trees may be transplanted to the 

 ground where they are to remain permanently. Consult your 

 teacher about the details of grafting. 



REFERENCES 



Farmers' Bulletins: 113, The apple and how to grow it; 

 153, Orchard enemies in the Pacific Northwest ; 171, Control of 

 codling moth; 283, Spraying for apple diseases and codling 

 moth in the Ozarks ; 291, Evaporation of apples ; 482, The pear 

 and how to grow it; 492, The more important insect and 

 fungous enemies of the fruit and foliage of the apple. 



Selected Readings: An Apple Orchard in the Spring, 

 William Martin; The Planting of the Apple Tree, W. C. 

 Bryant ; The Little Red Apple Tree, James Whitcomb Riley ; 

 The Apple, John Burroughs. 



