GRAPES 



181 



district of western New York is an important center of 

 grape juice manufacture. 



Propagation. Grapevines are propagated from cut- 

 tings, and by layering, budding, and grafting. In 

 starting new varieties 

 the seeds are planted. 



Soils. The grape will 

 thrive in a variety of 

 soils. In northern 

 United States the most 

 important thing to con- 

 sider in the location of 

 vineyards is frost pre- 

 vention. The vineyards 

 are located near rivers 

 or lakes and on slopes 

 from which frosty air 

 will flow down to lower 

 levels. 



In California the 

 grapes are grown in irri- 

 gation districts and the 

 vineyards are cultivated 

 to secure the loose soil 

 mulch which saves soil moisture. Some of the vine- 

 yards are thousands of acres in extent. 



Raisins are produced only in the hottest part of the 

 dry region. The raisin grapes have so much sugar in 

 them that they are preserved by drying in the open air. 



BUNCH OF AMERICAN GRAPES 



