"The great law of differentiation teaches 

 that, as well in the general theory of evolution 

 as in its biological part the theory of descent 

 the variety of phenomena arises from an 

 original unity, the diversity of functions from 

 a primitive identity, the complexity of 

 organisation from a primordial simplicity. 

 The conditions of existence are from their 

 entry into life unequal for all individuals. 

 There must be added hereditary qualities and 

 innate tendencies which vary more or less. 

 How could one's work-in life and the results 

 that proceed from it be equal for all ? 



"The more social life is developed, the 

 more the great principle of the division of 

 labour becomes of importance, the more the 

 stability of the whole state demands that its 

 members should divide among themselves the 

 varied duties of life, and as the work to be 

 accomplished by individuals, and the expen- 

 diture of strength, talent, abilities, which it 

 necessitates, differs in the highest degree, it is 

 natural that the reward of this work should 

 also differ. These are facts so simple and so 

 evident, that every intelligent and enlightened 

 politician ought, it seems to me, to extol the 

 theory of descent and general doctrine of 

 evolution as the best antidote to the absurd 

 levelling Utopias of socialism. 



" And it is Darwinism, the theory of selec- 

 tion, that Virchow, in his denunciation, has 

 had more in view even than transform ism, the 

 theory of descent, which are always confused. 

 Darwinism is anything rather than socialistic. 



