32 



of Darwinism on the subject of common 

 illnesses. Besides, crime is a department in 

 human pathology. 



All diseases, acute or chronic, infectious or 

 non-infectious, severe or slight, are the pro- 

 duct of the anthropological constitution of 

 the individual and of the influence of the 

 physical and social environment. The deter- 

 mining intensity of personal conditions or of 

 environment varies with different illnesses ; 

 phthisis or heart disease, for example, depends 

 principally on the individual organic consti- 

 tution, although attention must be paid to 

 the influence of the environment ; pellagra,* 

 cholera, typhus, etc,, depend, on the contrary, 

 chiefly on the physical and social conditions 

 of the environment. Phthisis also makes 

 ravages among persons in easy circumstances, 

 that is, among persons well fed and well 

 housed, whilst it is the poor, that is, the 

 persons badly fed, who furnish the greatest 

 number of victims to pellagra and cholera. 



It is consequently evident that a socialist 

 regime of collective property, which will 

 assure to each the condition of human exis- 

 tence, will greatly diminish, or perhaps cause 

 to disappear with the help of scientific dis- 

 coveries and the progress of hygienic measures 

 the illnesses which are chiefly determined 

 by the conditions of the environment, that is 

 to say, by insufficient nourishment or by want 



* A skin and nerve disease, known in Spain, Italy, 

 and,elsewhere, where maize of inferior quality is largely 

 consumed by the peasantry. ED. 



