57 



machinery, the same body of laws, the same 

 movements as the province in the extreme 

 South, or the province composed of plains 

 from the simple love of symmetrical 

 uniformity, this pathological expression of 

 unity. 



If we leave on one side these considerations 

 of political order in accordance with which 

 we conclude, as I have done elsewhere;* that 

 the only organisation possible for Italy, as 

 for every other country, seems to me to be 

 that of an administrative federalism in a 

 political unity, we can consider as proved, 

 that at the end of the igth century the indi- 

 vidual, as a being in himself is dethroned in' 

 biology as in sociology. 



The individual exists but only in so far as 

 he makes part of the social aggregate. 



Robinson Crusoe, this perfect type of indi- 

 vidualism, can only exist as a legend or a 

 pathological case. 



The species that is to say the social 

 aggregate is the great, the living and eternal 

 reality of life, as Darwinism has shown, and 

 as all the positive sciences from astronomy to 

 sociology have shown. 



At the end of the i8th century Rousseau 

 thought that the individual alone exists, and 

 that society is an artificial product of the 

 "social contract," and as he attributed (just 

 as Aristotle had done for slavery) a permanent 

 human character to the transitory manifesta- 

 tions of the historical period of the decay of 



* Criminal Sociology, London, 1895. 



