I 3 



However that may be, whether it is a ques- 

 tion of a born or an insane criminal, or of a 

 political criminal from passion, it is not less 

 true that the personal violence adopted by 

 individualistic anarchists is only the logical 

 product of individualism pushed to extremes, 

 and, therefore, the natural product of the pre- 

 sent economic organisation, supported by the 

 " frenzy of hunger," acute or chronic ; but 

 it is also the most efficacious and the most 

 anti -humane means of social transformation. f 



But all anarchists are not individualists, 

 " amorphists," or autonomists ; there are also 

 communist anarchists. 



The latter repudiate personal violence as an 

 ordinary means of social transformation (Mer- 

 lino, for instance, has recently affirmed this in 

 his pamphlet : Necessitd e base df un accordo, 

 Prato, 1892) but even these communist 

 anarchists separate themselves from Marxian 

 socialism both by their ultimate ideal, and 

 especially by their method of social trans- 

 formation. They oppose Marxian socialism 

 because it is according to law and parlia- 

 mentary, and they maintain that the most 

 efficacious and surest mode of social trans- 

 formation is revolt. 



Paris, 1893. Lombroso, Ultime scoperte ed applicazioni 

 dell' antropologia criminale, Turin, 1893. 



t At the moment when I was correcting the proofs of 

 the Italian edition of this book, the excitement had not 

 yet disappeared which the indefensible outrage directed 

 against M. Crispi, at Rome, on June i6th, had caused, 

 and especially the much more vivid excitement caused by 

 the death of the President of the French Republic, Sadi 

 Carnot, on June 24th. 



I reproduce here, as a document, the declaration 



