H3 



ditions (race) and of the environment in so far 

 as they determine a given economic organisa- 

 tion which is the physical basis of life. 



In their turn the psychical, individual 

 conditions have an influence, although with 

 less power, becoming a cause in their turn of 

 the organic conditions and of the issue of the 

 struggle for life. In the same way moral, 

 juridical, political institutions, from effects 

 become causes (there is not in fact in positive 

 science any substantial difference between 

 cause and effect except that the effect is the 

 constant consequent of a given phenomenon 

 and that the cause is its constant antecedent) 

 and react in their turn, although with less 

 efficacy, on economic conditions. 



An individual who has made a study of 

 hygiene can influence, for instance, the imper- 

 fections of his digestive apparatus but always 

 within the very restricted limits of his organic 

 potentiality. A scientific discovery, an elec- 

 toral law, can influence industry or the con- 

 ditions of work, but always within the limits 

 of the fundamental economic organisation. 

 This is the reason that moral, juridical, and 

 political institutions have a greater influence 

 on the relations between the different cate- 

 gories of the class that withholds the economic 

 power (capitalists, manufacturers, landed 

 proprietors) than on the relations between 

 the capitalist proprietors on the one side and 

 the workers on the other. 



It is sufficient for me here to recall this 

 Marxian law and to send to M. Loria's sugges- 

 tive book the reader who wishes to see how 



