155 

 APPENDIX II. 



NOTE. This appendix has been pruned of some of the matter which is 

 either of interest only to those who follow closely ths proceedings of the 

 Italian School of Positive Criminology or who have read Baron Garofalo's 

 book. Every part of the appendix which amplifies and enforces the 

 argument of the book is retained. ED. 



SOCIALIST SUPERSTITION AND INDIVIDUALIST 

 SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS. 



Among the numerous publications which have appeared 

 in Italy for or against socialism since my Socialismo e 

 scienza positiva, which showed the agreement of social- 

 ism with the fundamental lines of contemporary scientific 

 thought the book of Baron Garofalo was expected with 

 lively interest.* It was looked for on account of the well- 

 known name of the author and of the open and radical 

 disagreement which, with his book, would be disclosed 

 among the founders of the positivist criminal school, 

 formerly so united and bound together in the propaganda 

 and defence of the new science anthropology and 

 criminal sociology created by M. Lombroso. 



It is true that the scientific union of the founders of 

 the new Italian criminalist school formed an agreement, 

 but they were never in unison. 



M. Lombroso carried into the study of crime as a 

 natural and social phenomenon the original impulse and 

 the striking and fruitful assistance of anthropological 

 and biological studies. I brought the theoretical system- 

 atisation of the problem of human responsibility, and my 

 psychological and sociological researches have permitted 

 me to classify the natural causes of crime and the anthro- 

 pological categories of criminals. I have shown the 

 preponderating r61e of social prevention very different 

 from police prevention of criminality, and have proved 

 the infinitesimal influence of 'repression, which is always 

 violent and posthumous. t 



M. Garofalo being quite in agreement with us in the 

 diagnosis of criminal pathology brought, however, a 

 current of his own ideas, almost spiritualistic and less 

 heterodox, such as, for example, the idea that the anomaly 

 of the criminal is only a "moral anomaly" ; that religion 

 has a preventive influence on criminality ; that severe re- 

 pression is in all cases the efficacious remedy for it ; that 

 misery not only is not the single and exclusive cause of 

 crime (which I have always sustained and which I still 

 sustain), but that it has no determinative influence on the 



* La Superstition socialiste. French translation by M. Dietrich. Bibliotheque 

 de philosophie contetnjoraine, Paris, Alcan, 1895. 



t E. Ferri, Socinlogia Criminal?, 1880, translated into French by the author 

 from the third Italian edition, Paris, Rousseau, editor 1893. The most impor- 

 tant part of this work has been translated and published in the Criminology 

 Series, edited by Dr. Douglas Morrison. 



