SYNOPSIS OF SUBJECTS TREATED. 



PAGE 



PRELIMINARY REMARK on the rdle of energy and entropy in the theory of 

 thermodynamio systems, - 55 



CRITERIA OF EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY. 



Criteria enunciated, - - 56 



Meaning of the term possible variations, - - 57 



Passive resistances, - - 58 



Validity of the criteria, - - 58 



THE CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR HETEROGENEOUS MASSES IN CONTACT, WHEN 

 UNINFLUENCED BY GRAVITY, ELECTRICITY, DISTORTION OF THE SOLID MASSES, 



OR CAPILLARY TENSIONS. 



Statement of the problem, - 62 



Conditions relating to equilibrium between the initially existing homogeneous 

 parts of the system, - 62 



Meaning of the term homogeneoits, - - 63 



Variation of the energy of a homogeneous mass, - 63 



Choice of substances to be regarded as components. Actual and possible 



components, - - 63 



Deduction of the particular conditions of equilibrium when all parts of the 



system have the same components, - 64 



Definition of the potentials for the component substances in the various 



homogeneous masses, - - 65 



Case in which certain substances are only possible components in a part of 



the system, - - 66 



Form of the particular conditions of equilibrium when there are relations of 

 convertibility between the substances which are regarded as the components 

 of the different masses, - - 67 



Conditions relating to the possible formation of masses unlike any previously 



existing, - 70 



Very small masses cannot be treated by the same method as those of con- 

 siderable size, - 75 

 Sense in which formula (52) may be regarded as expressing the condition 



sought, - - 75 



Condition (53) is always sufficient for equilibrium, but not always necessary, - 77 



A mass in which this condition is not satisfied, is at least practically unstable, 79 



(This condition is farther discussed under the head of Stability. See p. 100. ) 



Effect of solidity of any part of the system, - - 79 



Effect of additional equations of condition, - - 82 



Effect of a diaphragm, equilibrium of osmotic forces, - - 83 



FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS. 



Definition and properties, - 85 



Concerning the quantities ^, %> f> - - 89 



Expression of the criterion of equilibrium by means of the quantity \f>, - 90 



Expression of the criterion of equilibrium in certain cases by means of the 



quantity f, - 91 



POTENTIALS. 



The value of a potential for a substance in a given mass is not dependent on the 



other substances which may be chosen to represent the composition of the mass, 92 

 Potentials defined so as to render this property evident, - 93 



