i88 



A RESPIRATION CALORIMETER. 



of water consumed during the experiment ; (3) water of food, which 

 is taken from column () of Table 6 ; (4) solids of food, the quantity 

 of which is determined as the difference between the total weight of 

 food material and the weight of water which it contains, as shown by 

 columns (a) and () of Table 6. In such computations milk is con- 

 sidered as food rather than as drink. 



The output consists of (i) water and (2) solids of feces and (3) water 

 and (4) solids of urine, which are all obtained by simple computation 

 from columns (a) and () of Table 7 ; (5) water of respiration and per- 

 spiration, which is obtained from column (^) of Table 8, and (6) car- 

 bon dioxide obtained from column (d) of Table 9. 



The quantity of oxygen consumed by the subject from the air is 

 directly determined. The quantities of hydrogen and oxygen in the 

 water of drink, food, feces, urine, and respiration are calculated from 

 the composition of water, and the quantities of carbon and oxygen in 

 the carbon dioxide exhaled by the subject are calculated from the 

 composition of carbon dioxide. The quantities of nitrogen, carbon, 

 hydrogen, oxygen, and ash of solids of food, feces, and urine are taken 

 from Tables 6 and 7, respectively. 



The differences between the amounts of the elements of intake and 

 those of output show how much of each was gained or lost. Compu- 

 tation of the gains or losses of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and water 

 from those of the elements depends upon the elementary composition of 

 the compounds. 



The values for percentage composition employed in these investiga- 

 tions are as follows : 



Disregarding the mineral matters, the following equations may be 

 derived from the above data, letting p = protein, /= fat, r= carbohy- 

 drates, and w = water : 



0.4440 r + 0.7610 / 4- 0.5280 p C 

 0.1119 w + 0.0620 r +/3.n8o t + 0.0700 / = H 

 0.8881 w 4- 0.4940 r 4- 0.1210 / 4- 0.2200 / = O 



