Agricultural Capital and Profits 45 



provided dairy produce for the manorial 

 household, scythe - land for the mowers, 

 and so on. 



Again, as regards what we should now 

 call the auxiliary capital, the villeins pro- 

 vided ploughs, oxen, horses, and carts in 

 connection with the work done for the 

 lord of the manor. Accordingly, we find 

 that the villein was not allowed to sell 

 an ox without the consent of the lord or 

 his reeve. 



With regard to the land cultivated by 

 the villeins for themselves, perhaps the 

 most noticeable point is, that the nature 

 of the capital required involved a curious 

 system of co-operation, as already noticed 

 in the first chapter. The great manorial 

 plough was drawn, in general, by eight 

 oxen, and as Mr. Seebohm has so graphi- 

 cally shown, the strips in the great open 

 fields were at first distributed according to 



