EXPEDITION TO POINT BA11EOW, ALASKA. 381 



of much longer duration. As formerly, the westerly deflection was accompanied by an increase in 

 horizontal force and a decrease in the vertical intensity, and the E. by an increase in the vertical 

 intensity and a decrease in the horizontal force. 



September 3, 1882, 4 a. m. to 4.30 a. m. When tirst noticed at the 4 a. in. observation, the twi- 

 light was still bright in the X. The aurora appeared iu the constellation Auriga, as a small arched 

 band rapidly shifting, extending in azimuth from about N. 70 E. to X. !)0 E. (brightness 2) and 

 showing faint tinges of red, green, and yellow. In fifteen minutes the whole aurora had risen 

 and greatly extended, forming a number of sinuous shifting bands, color white brightness 2, ex- 

 tending from the NME. horizon to SSW., passing through Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and Cyguus. 

 At this time the needles were slightly agitated, while the earth currents showed no disturbance. 

 Fifteen minutes later the aurora had disappeared, except a few scattered streaks, which continued 

 faintly visible for an hour. 



Xi'i>tctl>t j i- 4, 1882, 4 a. m. to 4.05 a. m, The sky was still quite light and overspread with 

 enough hazy cirro-stratus cloud to dim the stars slightly. When noticed at the 4 a. m. observation 

 the aurora occupied mostly the whole of the eastern sky, reaching the zenith. Color white; 

 brightness 2; form utterly inconstant, shifting with the rapidity of lightning. In general the 

 bands had a north and south direction and were inclined to be sinuous. The display was most 

 prominent in the constellations Cassiopeia, Auriga, and Camelopardalis. In live minutes only a 

 few pale streaks were faintly visible. The magnetic needles were slightly agitated. 



Xt'iiti-mbo' .">, IScSi, 2 a. m. to 7.30 a. m. The aurora appeared at 2 a. m., while the twilight was 

 so bright that no stars were visible. It was then a slightly luminous baud, white and unstable, 

 extending from the SE. horizon to NW. about 10 W. of zenith ; brightness 1 to 2. At 3 a. m. 

 the bands were broad and more numerous, sinuous and shifting, running from N. to SE. through 

 Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, and Pegasus ; brightness 2 ; color white, with several paler 

 arched bands in S\Y., one of which at 3.15 had reached the brightness of 3, with a bright yellow 

 color, while the main aurora had somewhat faded. The magnetic needles were slightly agitated. 

 At 4 a. m. the aurora overhead had almost wholly disappeared, while a new band had appeared in 

 Taurus near the NE. horizon, extending into Gemini. This band was yellow, sinuous, and rapidly 

 changing in form, approaching, however, the curtain type. Altitude about 20 ; brightness 3, 

 brightest iu Ilyades. It was replaced at 4.15 by a comparatively steady pale (1) arch witli 

 streamers, reaching its greatest altitude close above Geminorum, extending in azimuth about 

 40. At 5 a. in. a sinuous baud with streamers was observed in Canis Minor, stretching into Hydra 

 close to eastern horizon (brightness 2). At G a. m. there was an extensive sinuous band, approach- 

 ing the curtain form, mostly in Hydra and Virgo. This showed violet color in Hydra, where it 

 was brightest (3; elsewhere 2). The whole aurora was exceedingly changeable and shifting, end- 

 ing with a long sinuous band, pale (brightness 1), running through Ophiuchus, Corona Borealis, 

 and Canes Vcnatici. 



September (i, 1882, 3.30 a. m. to a. m. As early as 3.30 a. ni. streaks of auroral light were 

 visible through the fog, and at 4 a. m. a definite aurora in the form of a pale band stretched across 

 from the southern horizon to the W. of the zenith, starting in Aries and passing through Trian- 

 gulum, Andromeda, Lacerta, and Cygnus, and ending near Lyra. 1 . This band moved towards the 

 zenith, fading and reappearing, and at 4.05 passed through Cassiopeia. The fog cleared as the 

 night grew darker, and the aurora appeared as bright horizontal bands near Aquila. At 5 a. in. a 

 bright (2 to 3) sinuous arched band with streamers ran along the western horizon, from Libra, 

 through Hercules and Vulpecula, to Pegasus. At 5.30 a brilliant whirl iu the S. sent up streaming 

 bands, one through Cassiopeia across the zenith, ending in Bootes ; a second through Andromeda 

 and Ccpheus, ending in Corona 'Borealis ; a third through Pisces to Aquila. The aurora ended with 

 a single sinuous band running up through Taurus and Auriga from the southern horizon and 

 rebelling to Ursa Major. 



X<-i>ir))ib<-i- IL', 1SS2. 4.17 a.m. to 4.50 a. m. The clouds which had covered the sky during all 

 the evening cleared off near the zenith at 4 a. m., audat 4.17 a white, hazy but well defined rather 

 narrowband, shifting its position, appeared stretching from NE. to SW., passing through Ursa 

 Major, Ursa Minor close to the zenith, and Cephens, ending in Cyguns (brightness 1). The mag- 



