EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 385 



northern, consisting of .several sinuous bauds, shifting and somewhat wavy, occupying Taurus, 

 Perseus, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, and Ursa .Major (brightness 3 to 4), color white, with tinges of 

 green and yellow; motion undulating and rather rapid. At 2 a. in. the aurora passed through 

 a Bootes to Leo Minor and to Gemini. At 3, two bands rose together from Si-rpens near the hori- 

 zon, one passing through Pegasus and Cygnns, and the other through Andromeda and Lacerta, 

 while an arched band crossed the eastern sky from Bootes in the N. to Taurus in the SE., 

 passing through Ursa Major. Doth sets of aurora were quiet and yellowish (brightness 3 to 4). 

 At 4, a broad, quiet, white baud (brightness 2) crossed the zenith from Leo Minor through Ursa 

 Major, Ursa. Minor, and Cygnns, ending in Sagitta. At 5, three bands (brightness 3) crossed tho 

 zenith, occupying Lyra, Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, and Taurus, with a few bright streamers in 

 the NNW. At a. in. an arch (brightness 2) ran from Bootes through Canes Vcnatici and Lynx, 

 ended in Gemini, while a double areh (brightness to 1) layabout 10 above the SW. horizon, run- 

 ning from NNW. to ESE. This arch was still in the same position at 8 and had become a single 

 band at 10. At 7 there were pale patches of yellowish light in the NNE. near the horizon. I'>e- 

 tween and 10 the arch in the SW. was bright, quiet, and well defined, with tremulous streamers 

 (brightness 3 to 4), colors bright green, yellow, and rose. Extensive magnetic disturbance. 



October 10, 1882, 12.40 a. m, to 4 a. in. Streamers Hashed up in the E., forming a low arch 

 from Taurus in the SE. to Leo iu the N., with the crown in Gemini (brightness 1). At 1 a. m. there 

 was a definite narrow arched band with one end in Leo iu the N. and the other in the lower part 

 of Aries in the SE., with the highest part iu Auriga and Perseus. From the northern end numer- 

 ous long quiet streamers ran up as high as Ursa Major (brightness 1). The whole was rising 

 slowly when last observed at 1.20. From 2 to 2.20 the aurora, was in the form of a broad band, 

 narrow at the ends and spreading, and crossed the zenith from Pisces in the SE.,near the horizon, 

 to a point in Bootes, near the northern horizon. It occupied chiefly the constellations Andromeda, 

 Perseus, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, and the western portion of Ursa Major. The band was slightly 

 sinuous, and by imperceptible degrees changed its shape without changing its position, breaking 

 into several bands, and consolidating itself into one again, its brightness increasing from 1 to 2. 

 An eastern band joining this at the ends passing through Auriga was well defined at 2.17, and 

 almost wholly gone at 2.20. At 3 the aurora was in the same place, but had grown paler and more 

 diffused, while at 3.15 the eastern band was again well developed and the aurora was spreading 

 westward as far as Cygnus. At 4 the sky was so hazy that only the brightest stars were visible, 

 but through the haze twisted bands of aurora in rapid motion were to be seen. After this the 

 cloud thickened up and no more aurora was observed. A magnetic disturbance commenced at 3 

 and lasted till 7 a. m., with decrease of horizontal force from .530 to .215, while the declination 

 increased G 07', the vertical force being but slightly affected. 



October 17, 1882, 11 p. m., October 16, to 10 a. m. Before the stars were definitely visible a 

 twisted band of aurora was observed across the zeuith from the NNW. to the SE. (brightness 1). 

 At 2.17 there were three bands nearly overhead, running from NW. to SE. through Ursa Major, 

 Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Canes Venatici, and Bootes. These bands were white, tinged with greenish 

 (brightness 2), with undulating motion, the ends shifting and disappearing. The magnets were 

 slightly disturbed. At 1 a. in. there were two small horizontal curtains in Taurus, from whoso 

 western end rose a broad, spreading, sinuous baud across the zenith to Bootes in the N., occupying 

 Andromeda, part of Cassiopeia, and Ursa Major, spreading W. into Cygnus and Lyra (brightness 2), 

 with slight wavy motion. This was breaking up and paler at 1.10, and had become a single twisted 

 band, with a tendency to divide lengthwise at 1.17. At 2 the aurora was in essentially the same 

 position, but the western part was brighter, and had sunk lower in the SW., passing through ,3 

 ( 'ygui and Vulpecula. This portion reached a brightness of 3 at 2.17, while the rest had paled con- 

 siderably. At 3 there was a twisted mass of light in Taurus, and a narrow bright (3) band running 

 along the SW. horizon through Aqnila, extending about 90 in azimuth. At 3.17 a brilliant dis- 

 play began, which was observed up to 3.25. The aurora developed from the SW. up to the zenith 

 and a little, past it with great rapidity in the form of whirling, circling bands and smoke-like 

 wreaths, mingled with pale streamers, which latter formed an imperfect corona at 3.20 in Cassiopeia 

 at the zenith, which disappeared quickly. The motion was very rapid, and the light reached a 

 brightness of 3 to 4. The light was mostly yellowish-white, but tinged on the lower rdge with 

 H. Ex. 44 1!) 



