EXPEDITION TO POINT P.AIIROW. ALASKA. 391 



molionJess. Vrom 10.1.". to 10.30 tlic aurora tilled almost (he entire southern hiill'oflhe :;k.y. pass- 

 ing from SE, to XW. north of !ho zenith. The lower half of the sky was filled with curtains bril- 

 liantly colored, green, yellow, ;ind red predominating, in narrow bands parallel to the magnetic 

 meridian, the whole in rapid motion from K. to W. (brightness 2). At 11.20 there w:is a. perfect 

 corona, with curtains in the S. and a luminous band on the northern lion/con from the SE. to X\\ ., 

 sending up streamers to the zenith, white and quiet (brightness 1 to 2). At 11.17 the corona still 

 continued, and the whole aurora was of the same general type, but moving slightly. It faded 

 about 11.3< a. m. The magnetic needles were but slightly disturbed up to 3 a. in., when the dis- 

 turbance became very violent, not subsiding until about 5 p. m. All these elements were atl'ected, 

 especially the horizontal and vertical force, the former decreasing and the latter increasin-. 

 much that it was frequently impossible to measure them, while the declination ranged from 310 

 to 510. 



Xorembci- 13 and 14, 1882, 11.11 p. m. to 1.20;). m. The aurora commenced at dusk and was 

 first observed (11.17 p. in.) as a wavy band through Pisces, Perseus, Auriga, Leo Minor, and Coma 

 Berenices, whence a faint streak rose to the Pole star, through. Ursa Major. At 11.17 a. m. the 

 same or a similar band passed through Perseus, Draco, Lacerta, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatiei, 

 with faint streaks also in Cygnus. At 1 a. in. a rather broad arched band (brightness Otol) 

 extended from Taurus in the ESE. through Auriga to Ursa Major below the Dipper and Canes 

 Venatiei. brightest at the northern end, and sending oft' one or two long streamers at the ESE. end. 

 This had faded greatly and become much, broken at 1.10. At 1.17 a broad zone of the ordinary 

 type of sinuous bands crossed the zenith from a point in Bootes, near the northern horizon, to 

 Taurus in ESE. This zone was pale, only reaching a brightness of 1 in a few places. At 2 a . m. 

 this had condensed into a twisted band 4 to 5 wide (brightness 2) from Eridanus on the ESE. 

 horizon through Taurus, where it was much twisted like a smoke wreath, Perseus, close to Cassi- 

 opeia, through Ursa Minor and Draco to Corona Borealis. The. whole was drifting slowly west- 

 ward, having reached Cygnus and Lyra at 2.17, changing but little in character. At 3 a. in. there 

 was a pale band low in the SW., while another zone crossed the zenith, spreading over the eastern 

 sky with the bands much twisted, and forming something like curtains, varying in brightness from 

 1 to 3, with slight motion, and some faint rosy orange tinges in SE. The extremities were in 

 Monoceros in the ESE., where it had a curdled appearance, and reached a brightness of 3 at 3.17. 

 At 4 a. m. the aurora was of the same character, but paler (0 to 1), and lying more in the SW. At 

 4.17 there was a well-pronounced zone, which only reached a brightness of 1 in places, radiating 

 from paints in the lower part of Orion in the ESE. and Serpens iu the XXW., so broad as to cover 

 most of the sky, arching above the square of Pegasus in the SW. At 5 a. in. two arches ran from 

 Orion through Andromeda to Cygnus, with bright streamers of various colors from yellow to red, 

 blue and green, vibrating rapidly from W. to E. (brightness about 3). At there was an arch 

 from S. to W., with green streamers at the western end. At 7 there were simply traces around 

 the horizon, and at 8 only faint traces. At 9.17 there was a broad, quiet, white nebulous band 

 from Orion through Gemini, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatiei to Bootes (brightness 1). At 10.20 

 there was a corona of pale, white, quiet streamers from the horizon to the zenith (brightness to 

 1). At 11.10 a. m. pale, white, quiet striated bands running E. and W., lilling the sky from about 

 10 west of Polaris to the sou-thern horizon. Only faint traces were visible at 12.17 p. in., and 

 continued to be visible, especially in Ursa Major and the XW., till broad daylight. The magnetic, 

 needles were but slightly disturbed up to 9 a. in., when a disturbance of great violence set in. This 

 had not ended at midnight. 



Xornnlii'i- 14 <nid 15, 1882, !) p. m. to 12.15 p. m. While the twilight was still blight the aurora 

 appeared as pale, vertical streamers in the ESE. in Perseus and Andromeda at about 2(P above 

 the horizon, and at 10 p. in. had developed into an arch of streamers still pale (0 to 1), from Leo 

 Minor, some distance above the northern horizon, through Auriga ending in Triangulum, main- 

 taining essentially the same position and character up to 11 p. m., though glowing blighter. At 

 12, midnight, a twisted band P or .V- wide passed from Bootes in the, X. through Ursa Major and 

 Ursa Minor to Pegasus, and there were also faint bands m Cassiopeia, Aiwlromodn, nml Draco. 

 At 1.17 a /one of the usual type crossed 4 or 5 W. of the zenith, troin a point low in Taurus iu 

 the, ESE., through Aries, Triangulum, Andromeda, Cygnns, Lyra, and Coivi:;i Borealis to Bootes, 



