EXPEDITION TO I'OINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 435 



ami iigniii at 2 a. in. in Cygiius in the NW. At 2.15 to 2.20 there was a zone of three shifting bauds 

 (brightness to 1) in tlie NE., tlirough Gygnus, Lyra, Corona Boreali.s, and Bootes (a) into Virgo. 

 At '! to .">.20 there was a broad /one, shifting and changing in brightness from to 1 to 1 to 2, 

 crossing the. zenith from ESK. in Virgo to NNW. in Pegasus, reaching in breadth from ft and y 

 Dracouis nearly to it Auriga 1 . At 4 a. in. two bands (brightness 1 to 2) ran from the ESE. in Virgo 

 to the NNW. in Andromeda, through Bootes, Corona Borealis, Draco (ft and y), and Hercules, with 

 a bright patch growing hazy and fading out towards the zenith in the N\V., occupying Andro- 

 meda, Perseus, and Cassiopeia. This had developed at 1.15 to 4.20 into a broad, shifting zone 

 (brightness 1 to 2), starting from the same point in the NNW. and forming a much convoluted mass 

 in the E. in Aqnila and Bootes, while the western edge ran through Bootes, Ursa Major, Ursa 

 Minor, Camclopardalis, and Cassiopeia. At 5 to 5.20 a. in. a quiet baud (brightness 1) ran from 

 Aries through Triauguluui, Andromeda, Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, and Corona Borealis. At G to C.20 

 the band was in nearly the same position, but brighter (1 to 2), and had a few streamers in Corona 

 Borealis. At 7 to 7.20 there were merely traces in the N. and XE. At 8 to 8.20 a broad band 

 (brightness to 1) crossed the zenith from Orion to Aquila, through Auriga, Lynx, Ursa Major, 

 Draco, and Hercules. At 0.17 a. in. tliere was a broad diffused arch in the south from ESE. to 

 WNW., reaching an altitude of about 20, and a faint corona elongated from E. to W., occupyizig 

 Cygnus, Ursa Minor, Lynx, Gemini, Lyra, Draco, and Ursa Major, and a short arch from E. to N., 

 passing into Cassiopeia (brightness of all to 1). There was a slight magnetic disturbance, lasting 

 fiom a. m. to 2 p. in. 



March 11, 188:;, 2 a. m. to !M7 a. m. Traces in the ESE. began to assume a definite form at 2 

 a. m.. faint streaks streaming up to Virgo. At 3 a. m. the streak was very small, but at 3.15 to 3.20 

 better defined and longer, reaching into Bootes and Corona Borealis. At 4 a. m. a broad, hazy, 

 striated hand, almost a /one (brightness 1), ran from ESE. in Virgo to NNW. in Andromeda, 

 through Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, and Perseus, and had 

 drifted W. at 4.15 to 4.20 so as to pass through ft and S Lcouis and Auriga. This had expanded 

 into a broad zone at 4.45, but again contracted to a band at 5 to 5.20, crossing the zenith from 

 Cancer through Gemini, Auriga, Lynx, Camelopardalis, Ursa Major, Draco, Lyra, and Hercules. 

 At C to 0.20 there were merely traces in the S. At 7 to 7.20 a band of streamers (brightness 1 to 2), 

 vibrating rapidly, passed from Taurus through Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Lyra. 

 At 8 to 8.20 extensive traces crossed the southern sky. At 9.17 there was an arch in the S. 

 from SE. to NW., reaching an altitude of about 20, with a short streamer in the NW. and traces 

 of an arch running from ESE. to WNW. through Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, and Lynx (brightness 

 to 1). ' There was a magnetic disturbance between 7 and 11 a. in., reaching its maximum at about 

 8 a. m. 



March 12, 1883, 3.40 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. At about 3.40 a. in. (10.30 local time) there were three or 

 four faint streamers in the N. in Andromeda and Cygnus, but at the regular observation at 4 a. in. 

 the sky was too cloudy to allow any to be seen. At 4.15 traces of a pale zone or elongated corona 

 could be seen through the clouds, but at 5 to 5.20 the sky was sufficiently clear to display a quiet 

 band (brightness to 1) from Bootes, through Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, and Lynx, to Auriga. 

 Traces were seen in the S. at 6 to 6.20. The sky was partially cloudy at the next two observations, 

 but clear enough at 9.17 to show an elongated corona (brightness to 1), longest from SE. to N. W., 

 where it reached the horizon, centering at the zenith, and made up of a long, slender raj", with 

 slight motion, about 40 long on the sides of the corona. Increasing light and clouds prevented 

 observation of the end of the aurora. The needles were slightly disturbed from 9 to 10 a. m. 



March 13, 1883, 1.10 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. The weather was cloudy early in the evening, but 

 between 1 and 1.15 a. m. disclosing a brilliant display in the western sky still bright with the 

 twilight in the form of an arch of short streamers vibrating from the extremities towards the 

 crown. The ends bore NW. and S. about 20 above the horizon, while the crown reached an alti- 

 tude of 35 close to Tauri, while below the arch were irregular curtains, the whole tinged with 

 the usual colors (brightness 2). The streamers suddenly fused together and the motion became 

 rapid, bright colors particularly rose developed in the S. with rapid changes of color and bright- 

 ness, becoming a broad zone of bands and curtains in very rapid motion (brightness 2), and in a 

 few seconds reached the zenith and passed it, forming a semi-corona, and faded to hazy bands 



