EXPEDITION TO POINT IIAKKOW, ALASKA. 439 



of an arch were alone visililc in the K. The clouds prevented further observation entirely. The, 

 needles were i|uiet, with a high horizontal force. 



March 20, 1883, 1.15 a. in. to 5.20 a. m. It was still broad daylight at 1.15, but a perturbation 

 of the magnets indicated an aurora, which was seen on leaving the observatory as a pale, shifting, 

 sinuous band from near the hori/on ESE. and passing up about 20 E. of the xeuith. At 2 a. in. 

 a narrow zone (brightness 1 to 2) ran from the ESK. in Virgo to the twilight in the XW., through 

 the sickle of Leo, Gemini, Taurus, and Aries. At 2.15 to 2.20 this had spread eastward to within 

 about 10 of the eastern horizon, broken up into siuuons bands and curtains, brightest in the I'.. 

 and N., whirling curtains in the E. and a vertical loop in >.'., quickly developing into an arched 

 band and again bearing a loop with rapid motion, both waving and vibrating, and showing rather 

 bright colors green, yellow, and rose the green especially appearing against the twilight. At 

 3 a. in. there was a broad zone of four bands (brightness 2) with its starting points in Virgo ESE., 

 and XW. in Aries, extending in breadth from Procyon to Polaris. It was in essentially the same 

 place at .'!.!"> to .'!.20, but there were more bands, shifting, broken, and hazy, some approaching the 

 form of curtains, growing paler and then brighter again, especially in the ESE., where the bands 

 were very sinuous. Clouds interfered with observation the next hour, but traces were seen in the 

 AY. At 5.15 to 5.20 a band (brightness 1) ran from Serpens through Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, 

 Cancer, Gemini, and Orion, with a few quiet streamers in Serpens and Bootes. The magnets were 

 disturbed all night. 



Min-ch 27, 1.SS3, 2.15 a. m. to (J.l'd a. in. The sky was covered with hazy clouds, at 2 a. in., but 

 these were sufliciently thin at 2.15 to 2.20 to show traces of a narrow band across the zenith from 

 the XW. to SE. At 3 a. in. there were three or four bands, obscured by the hazy clouds lying low 

 in the SW.. passing through Virgo, the lower part of Leo, into Canis Minor and Taurus (bright- 

 ness 1). The position of these bands was practically unchanged at 3.15 to 3.20, but the upper 

 band was broadened and fringed out into ill-delined streamers, while the lowest was narrow and 

 bright. All were shifting and changing in brightness (brightness 1 to 2) and bright streamers 

 developed in the SE. At 3.15 there was a large, complete, and quiet regular corona (brightness 1), 

 of about 4(P radius, centering in Ursa Major, near the zenith, with a broad band on the western 

 edge and twisted shifting streaks near the center. This had become a broad /one at 4 a. m., 

 partly obscured by the clouds (brightness 1 to 2) from the NW. to SE., extending in breadth from 

 the lower edge of Draco to Procyon, and at -1.15 to 1.20 had again become a corona, but more incom- 

 plete and elongated, running down towards the horizon in the E., with a bright (2 to 3) and quiet 

 regular arch in the "\V., with an altitude of about 25. All shifted rather rapidly, with a loop in 

 the XW. (altitude about 35), increasing in brightness 2 to ,'!, and finally all settling into a broad 

 zone. At 5 to 5.20 quiet bands (brightness to 1) were visible through the dense haze running 

 through Coma Berenices, Canes Vcnatiei, I.'rsa Major, Leo, Lynx, Cancer, and Gemini. At 0.15 

 to (i.L'd there was a bright corona (brightness 2 to 3) centering in Ursa Major. The streamers 

 were very short in the ]Sf., not reaching the zenith. The edge of the corona was in Serpens, 

 Boiites, Orion. Gemini, Auriga, Lynx, Jlydra, and Leo, all in rapid motion from E. to W. Clouds 

 then interfered more or less with observation, rendering it impossible to determine the end of the 

 aurora. A violent magnetic disturbance commenced about 3 a. m. and still continues. 



Mn.rch 28, 1883, 2 a. m. to 0.20 a. m. At 2 a. m., partly obscured by the clouds, there were 

 bands coming up from the KSK. At 2.15 to 2.20 tlicrc was a bright arched baud (brightness 

 2 to ">; iu the. SW. from the ESE., in Crater through Hydra (), Monoceros and Orion (r), narrow 

 and curling down in the N W. It was bright yellow, shading into rose on the lower edge, flickering 

 slightly, and then developing rapid motion in the >" W and rising at the same time to a- Canis 

 Minor is, broadening at the same time, while a second and then a third baud above this and 

 only about half as long developed from the ESE.. and then growing paler and sinking. At 3 a. in. 

 the whole sky was covered with broad hazy bands and curved patches running XW. and SK. At 

 :>.15 to 3.20 there was a loop in the N. and NNK. from Aries, through Andromeda into Cygnus, 

 shifting and rising, while a broad hazy band developed from the NW. to SK. across the zenith, 

 and with the loop formed a semi-corona E. of the zenith, much elongated, and then becoming a band 

 of Streamers (brightness 2 to 3) from Aries through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cephetis, Draco, 

 and Corona P.orealis and then curving back through Lyra, vibrating rapidly from I-'., to X.. rising 



