EXPEDITION TO POINT P.AIMIOW, ALASKA. 455 



Lieutenant Kay's jKirly sailed from San Francisco in the Golden Fleece, -Inly IS, and arrived 

 oft" Uglaauiie. near Point Barrow, September 8. The meteorological und magnetic station was 

 established near the small Esquimaux settlement of that name,* about 17 kilometers or lOi statute 

 miles from Point Barrow and to the southward and westward of it, about 150 meters from tho 

 coast of the Arctic Ocean, and at an elevation of about 5 meters above its level. 



The geographical position of the station, as derived from dead reckoning on board the Golden 

 Fleece, is given by Lieutenant Rayt as follows: Latitude 71 17' 50", longitude 156 23' 45" west 

 of Greenwich. The astronomical observations at Uglaamie. for position and direction of meridian 

 were made by A. C. Dark, and are contained in Appendix 1 to this report. Observations found 

 defective or unreliable from whatever cause have, been omitted in this appendix. The latitude 

 Lore adopted results from two sets of observations, one of a series of double altitudes of the sun 

 on April 28, I,ss2, the other of two sets of single altitudes of the sun about upper and at lower cul- 

 mination on June 24, 1882. The first value from sextant observations has been given the weight 

 J, and the second value from theodolite observations the weight 1 ; the resulting latitude becomes 

 (/> 71 17'.7 with an estimated probable error of -L ()'.3 According to British Admiralty Chart 

 21(54 the position of Plover Point, where the English relief expedition under Commander K. 

 Magnire, Royal Navy, was stationed in 1852, 185:5 and ls54, is in latitude 71 21' 25", and in lon- 

 gitude 150 Hi' 06" west of Greenwich. Following the trend of the coast between the cemetery 

 and summer camp down to Uglaamie and converting the linear measures of the chart into differ- 

 ence of latitude 3<f> and difference of longitude JA, we find the latitude of Uglaamie station 

 71 21'.-! 3'.5=71 17'.9 and for the longitude of the station 150= lt;'.t+28'.4 = 156 44'.5 west of 

 Greenwich. Since neither the first (nautical result) nor the last result (depending on estimated 

 direction and distance) can compare in accuracy with the value deduced at the station, I shall 

 adopt the value </>=l\ Q 17'. 7 



The longitude adopted results from a chronometric determination made by the supply expedi- 

 tion in the summer of 1882 in tho Leo, under the command of Lieutenant Powell, Signal Corps, U. 

 S. A. The result as worked out by Mr.W. Upton, computer in the office of the Chief Signal Officer, 

 is given in his report appended to " Signal Service Notes, No. V., Work of the Signal Service in 

 the Arctic Regions, prepared under the direction of General Hazen, Washington, ISS-'J." It depends 

 on four chronometers, the sea-rates of which could be established from observations at San Fran- 

 cisco before and after the voyage, and at Plover Bay, East Siberia, during the voyage, though 

 neither at Plover Bay nor at Uglaamie did the weather prove favorable. Mr. Upton's result is 

 10' 1 20'" :V.)- I 10. or 156 39' 45" _{. o' 30"; it will be seen that this result is intermediate between 

 tint derived from dead reckoning on board the Golden Fleece and from the English determination 

 of their station in 1S5;> to the southward and eastward of Barrow Point and referred to our station. 

 Moreover we have two sets of lunar distances from the sun .Inly 7, 1882, with the resulting longi- 

 tude 10' 1 25" 1 57 s , and a set of lunar distances from Jupiter as observed at Point Barrow and referred 

 to Uglaamie by the addition of 1'" 25 s , giving the result 10' 1 27'" 14": the mean of these two astro- 

 nomical determinations is 10 h 2<i'" .'!<!-. which agrees so well with the above chro-nometric value, that 

 I have adopted the latter, viz : 



A = 10'' 20"' ;!0 S or 156 39' 45" west of Greenwich. 



For the magnetic work we need the difference of longitude between I'glaamie and Gottingeri, 

 Germany; taking the latter place to be O 1 ' .'if)"' 10 s .2east of Greenwich, we have the required differ- 

 ence ll h (lO 111 25" :L 10 s , by which amount Gottingen is east of Uglaamie. 



Tin- r.iiniiii-l!i- irnrl.- at rtjliiiim'u; 1881, 1882, 1883. The necessary buildings were erected with- 

 out delay; October.",, I s,sl the party was housed. October 17 the meteorological observations were 

 c ..... ineiicei 1 . the instruments were mounted in accordance with the plan furnished with the instruc- 

 tions, but U, was not till the 1st of December that the magnetometers weie adjusted and the reg- 

 ular hourly magnetic observations were recorded. Lieutenant Ray remarks: j; 



('.tiled Oolivakh on Ivan 1'elrofi's map (if Alaska, Tefith Census ( .r the United States. Washington. I.-i-^J. Tho 

 name of Kokiiinllit, j;i\ en on this n ap. is that of an Ksf|\iinian\ settlement at Point Harrow. It is called Nuo-wuuk 0:1 

 the Admiralty Chart of !<>:; t '\o. -.Mill. 



Report of Chief Signal Ollteer of September ir>, 1831. 



t In his report lo the Chief Signal Ollieer. dated at Uglaamie, Aug. i"i, US'. 1 . 





