20 EEPOET OF THE No. 55 



mend the following classification : first, certified milk ; second, inspected pasteurized 

 milk. We strongly advise in the interests of public health that all milk not an- 

 swering the standard set for certified milk be pasteurized and that all milk before 

 being accepted as fit for pasteurization must be at least macroscopically clean and 

 kept at the lowest possible temperature, and also that the shortest possible time 

 elapse from the taking of the milk from the cow until it is pasteurized and that 

 immediately after pasteurization the milk be lowered to a temperature of 40 de- 

 grees and maintained at that until used, all pasteurization to be under the control 

 of the Health Department. We also recommend that as soon as possible the entire 

 source of supply of the Dominion be placed under rigid inspection of the various 

 health departments or Medical Milk Commissions, from producer to consumer 

 such inspection at least as will secure clean milk." 



OTTAWA. 



About two years ago as a result of a public agitation, aided materially by the 

 newspapers, the City of Ottawa municipal authorities undertook the improvement 

 of its general milk supply. On the 4th of May, 1908, a by-law was passed which 

 stands to-day as perhaps the most complete and effective by-law of any Ontario 

 city. The outstanding features are the licensing of both the retail dealer and the 

 dairyman on the farm, and the appointment of a veterinarian to make regular 

 inspections on the farms as well as in the city. 



The by-law begins with a clause to the effect that no persons shall sell milk 

 either directly to the consumer or in wholesale quantities to stores or to any person 

 to be afterwards sold without first obtaining a license at a cost of one dollar. This 

 it will be observed covers restaurants. Before applying for a license, the appli- 

 cant must fill in the following form: 



" Desiring to sell milk in the City of Ottawa, I hereby apply to have my 

 cattle, premises and equipment inspected, and agree to observe the provisions of 

 The Public Health Act and all by-laws of the Corporation of the City of Ottawa 

 and all regulations of the Board of Health of the said City relating to the pro- 

 duction and sale of milk, and to keep my cattle and premises and to handle my 

 milk in a manner satisfactory to yourself; neglect or default in this respect rend- 

 ering me liable to forfeit my license. 



" My milk is obtained from my own herd, consisting of 



cows, from which the average quantity sold is gallons, and from 



The food supplied 



19 



Upon the cattle, premises and equipment being found satisfactory on inspec- 

 tion, the license is granted. It is specifically provided that all dairy farms as 

 well as distributing plants shall be open to regular inspection; that all stables 

 shall be thoroughly lighted, ventilated and drained, the walls and ceilings white- 

 washed twice a year and kept free from dust and cobwebs and manure; that the 

 milk be removed from the stables as soon as drawn; and that the dairyman must 

 notify the Health Department of any contagious disease among the animals or 

 among his family. A minimum standard of 12 per cent, solids and 3 per cent, 

 butter fat is included. 



