19O9 MILK COMMISSION. 23 



Ordinances such as those relating to the temperature at which milk shall be brought 

 into the city might be left to local authorities. 



"Do you think a standard of butter fat and total solids is practical and desir- 

 able, and if so, what standard would you suggest ? 



"Yes. 12 per cent, solids, 3 per cent, fat minimum. 



"What are your views on pasteurization? 



"So-called 'commercial pasteurization' is a delusion and a snare calculated to 

 make milkmen, if possible, more careless than they are at presesnt. Aptly charac- 

 terized 'a truce with dirt/ Pasteurization carried out so as to impair the digesti- 

 bility of milk to a minimum degree would have the effect of destroying pathogenic 

 bacteria but does not lessen the demand for care in producing milk. In large 

 cities it might be of great service in control of milk-borne disease where it is 

 difficult to maintain a sufficient staff of inspectors, but does not preclude the neces- 

 sity of efficiently sterilizing all bottles, utensils, containers, etc., nor the most care- 

 ful handling subsequent to pasteurization. 



"Has the tuberculin test ever been attempted in your district or do you think 

 tuberculosis is very prevalent among dairy cattle? 



"No. Yes, but its importance may be exaggerated. 



"What do you think is the best plan to get a clean raw milk supply at moderate 

 cost? 



"(a),. The protection of the milk from infection by scarlet fever, diphtheria, 

 typhoid and tuberculosis. 



"(&). Cooling the milk and keeping.it cool or at least below 50 degrees in 

 order to prevent the growth of the bacteria which contaminate milk in spite of the 

 most careful precautions. 



"(c). Keeping the utensils clean, because it is impossible to produce unin- 

 fected.milk unless the vessels are comparatively sterile. 



"(d). Keeping the milk tightly covered. 



"(e). Keeping the cows as clean as possible. 



"(/). Keeping the milker's hands and clothes clean. 



"(g). Keeping the barns and surroundings in a wholesome and thoroughly 

 sanitary manner." 



LONDON. 



For twenty years Dr. T. 0. Hutchinson has been Medical Health Officer for 

 London and has exercised supervision of dairies. Five years ago, however, when 

 Hon. Adam Beck was Mayor, a special veterinary inspector, Dr. C. S. Tamlin, was 

 appointed to make a regular inspection of the dairy farms. The Board of Health 

 adopted a set of regulations setting a standard for cleanliness of premises and 

 emphasizing the importance of sunlight and ventilation. The health and proper 

 feeding of the cows and the sterilizing of cans were insisted upon. It was provided 

 that all dairies should be arranged in three classes, "A," "B" and "C," each to 

 indicate the degree of perfection in which the cows, stables, cans, wagons, etc., were 

 kept. It was also provided that "Where premises are not clean, or cows unclean 

 or unhealthy, or where cows drink from stagnant or impure pools; or where the 

 percentage of butter fat of the milk is less than 3.25 per cent., the vendor shall not 

 be entitled to a license, and if in possession of one it shall be cancelled. If there 

 is evidence of the adulteration of milk, the vendor shall "be prosecuted." This 

 classification, to which has been added a class called "unfit," is made each year and 

 published in the newspapers, and hence there is an incentive to make a good 



