19O9 MILK COMMISSION. 45 



sold in any store or shop except from bottles and except when kept at a tempera- 

 ture of less than 50 degrees F. Keeping milk in a living or sleeping room or in 

 a room not kept clean at all times or in cans not made of well-turned iron with 

 inner surface smooth and free from rust is strictly forbidden. A city inspector 

 is employed to see that these regulations are enforced. 



AIM AT CLEANLINESS RATHER THAN PASTEURIZATION. 



But a strong feature of the work was the securing of cleanliness at the source 

 of production the farm. The Health Department did not adopt or even en- 

 courage pasteurization; in fact the Health Officer expressed himself to- your Com- 

 mission as being convinced that pasteurized milk was injurious to infants under 

 one year of age, producing rickets and scurvy in some cases. To secure cleanli- 

 ness on the farm a dairy inspector with tact as well as knowledge was secured, 

 and he, sometim'es with the Health Officer or his assistant, went out among the 

 dairy farmers and quietly explained things to them and showed how improve- 

 ments could be made with advantage to themselves and safety to the public. One 

 result was that although efforts toward reform were met with the objection that 

 it "would drive the farmers out of the dairy business/' there were 317 in the dairy 

 business at the time of the passing of the by-law and there are now 400. 



The system adopted was the score card system drawn up by the Washington 

 authorities. It was provided that no license should be granted to any dairy which 

 did not receive a total score of 50 per cent, or better and also that any license 

 could be revoked if the premises fell below a 50 per cent, score. Applicants were 

 required to state the source of their milk supply and so the conditions in the coun- 

 try were .passed upon by an inspector before the license was granted. The pro- 

 gress made is shown by the comparative figures for two years. In 1907, the a\$er- 

 age score was 51.45; in 1908, it was 64.33. In 1907, there were 7 between 70 

 and 80, and in 1908 there were 37; in 1907, there were three between 80 and 90, 

 and in 1908 there were 31; in 1907, there were 3 between 90 and 100, and in 1908 

 there were 8, 4 of the latter scoring 99. There were 5,759 cows' supplying milk 

 to the city and all these were inspected by a veterinarian, 47 being removed be- 

 cause of bad udders and teats and one suspicious herd being tested with tuberculin 

 and 11 condemned. 



CLEANLINESS DOWN TO A SCIENCE. 



If there is anything in the power of a good example, then Syracuse is for- 

 tunate in having among its dairies the Tully Farms. At the Tully Farms clean- 

 liness has been reduced to a science, if not to fastidiousness. It may as well be 

 understood in the first place, however, that the Tully Farms are owned by a wealthy 

 manufacturing company, the Solvay Process Company. Finding they \\oiv 

 being prosecuted for damages as a result of sinking drills which were necessary in 

 their business, they decided to purchase outright two or three thousand acres about 

 twenty miles from Syracuse. Only requiring a small portion of this area in their 

 manufacturing process, the owners were induced to go into the dairy business and 

 they went in on broad, generous, ideal lines. A brief description of their pre- 

 mises and methods may be of interest as evidencing the importance and dignity 

 with which modern thought has invested milk and its production, even though the 

 standard attained may not be within the reach of the average dairyman. 



