12 EEPOET OF THE No. 55 



incorporated villages ; and they shall have the right to take and test samples of milk 

 found upon the premises of producers supplying milk to cheese factories or cream- 

 eries or for sale in cities, towns or incorporated villages, and may take and test 

 samples from cows which have been producing milk to be sold to cheese factories or 

 creameries or to be delivered for sale in cities, towns or incorporated villages, and 

 any person refusing admission to the same or offering obstruction to the work of 

 inspection or the taking of samples or testing of same shall be subject to the penal- 

 ties provided in section 16." 



Under this Act thirty-five instructors are employed to visit the cheese factories 

 and creameries and to some extent the sources from which the supply to these insti- 

 tutions' come. 



WHAT MUNICIPALITIES MAY DO. 



Under and by virtue of these powers and limitations, it devolves on muni- 

 cipalities to make and administer by-laws in reference to milk. To see what by- 

 laws were enacted under the Provincial Statutes and how they were administered, 

 your Commission visited every city in the Province and a few of the larger towns. 

 It was felt that the Medical Health Officers upon whom has rested the responsi- 

 bility of administering the by-laws, would be in a position to speak with the author- 

 ity of experience as to their effectiveness or the need of changes. Accordingly, a 

 letter was addressed to each Health Officer asking questions on a number of points, 

 including the following: 



"What provincial or municipal legislation do you think is needed? 



"Do you think a standard of butter fat and total solids is practical and de- 

 sirable and if so what standard would you suggest? 



"What are JOMT views on pasteurization? 



"Has the tuberculin test ever been attempted in your district or do you think 

 tuberculosis is very prevalent among dairy cattle? 



"What do you think is the best plan to get a clean raw milk supply at moder- 

 ate cost?" 



The answers are herein given as far as received. 



TORONTO. 



In the handling of a milk supply the difficulties increase with population, 

 because the supply must be brought from a greater distance and the problems of 

 transportation and keeping are greatly enhanced. Toronto, with a population of 

 upwards of 350,000, nearly four times larger than the next largest city in the 

 Province, faces the problem in its most acute form. Exclusive of West Toronto 

 and other recently annexed districts, the city consumes 2,336 eight gallon cans a 

 day, coming from approximately 900 farms within a radius not exceeding forty 

 miles. 



Over one-third of this is supplied by three firms, but the balance passes through 

 the hands of two hundred retailers. The milk is brought to the city by steam rail- 

 way, by electric railway, and by wagon, and from 24 to 36 hours elapse between 

 milking and consumption. 



Toronto's milk by-law provides for the licensing and inspection of all "cows, 

 cow byres, dairies or other places in which milk is sold or kept for sale," stipulates 

 cleanliness and sanitation, and provides that "milk shall not contain any matter 

 or thing liable to cause disease, either by reason of adulteration, contamination 



