19O9 MILK COMMISSION. 49 



Thus it is not necessary for employees to touch the milk at all, and the bottles, 

 capped and sealed, are immediately stored in the ice room.) until they are shipped 

 to New York in the morning, bountifully buried in ice. 



All this conduces to a low bacteria count, never above a thousand and some- 

 times as low as two or three hundred. If the count goes above one thousand, there 

 is an investigation at once. This milk is sold for 12 cents net by the producers. 

 It is certified by tbe Academy of Medicine of Syracuse. 



No hay or food is kept in the barns and the droppings are frequently taken 

 away in a truck. 



When the cows are kept in the barn during the cold weather, a night man is 

 employed at the barn, a sort of "night nurse." It is his duty to see that all the 

 cows are safe and comfortable. If any cow gets twisted in its stanchion, the night 

 man is there to relieve it. Then, too, a veterinarian is always within call. 



The management does not accept the doctrine that it is better to have one man 

 milk the same cow always. They figure that while there may be merit in this 

 idea, if a cow gets accustomed to one particular milker, and then because of ill- 

 ness, holidays or other cause which is bound to occur, the man is away, the 

 change does more harm to the cow than the other system does good. 



The Tully Farm Company has two other herds, in all some 300 cattle, said to 

 be handled in like manner, but of course we had time to visit only one. 



THERE ARE OTHERS ALSO CLEAN. 



This farm receives a score of 99 on the score card system, but the Commis- 

 sion was shown another dairy farm which also scored 99 and which did not have 

 the expensive, if not lavish equipment herein described. It was not large or showy, 

 but the stable with its cement floors and stanchions was kept neat and clean, as 

 was also the cooling and bottling plant a short distance away. The proprietor and 

 manager was a big, good-natured man who said he drank a quart of milk every 

 night before retiring and thus got interested in the question of pure milk. He 

 declared he was making money selling milk at ten cents a quart and had no diffi- 

 culty in getting customers for all he could supply, although the regular price in 

 Syracuse was seven cents a quart. 



Still another farm at which the milk which retailed in the city at seven cents 

 was produced was visited. It was managed by two young farmers to whom the 

 dairy business was only a branch of their farm labours. They had an ordinary bank 

 barn, but the interior was whitewashed and clean and there was a noticeable dispo- 

 sition to make the best of the facilities 1 at their disposal. 



In fact, as has already been commented, what impressed the Commission was 

 the spirit of co-operation which evidently existed between the health authorities of 

 the city and the milk producers of the country. The health authorities endeavored 

 to be reasonable and the farmers endeavored to meet reasonable requests in improv- 

 ing their premises. 



Dr. Totman described the results obtained after two years of inspection as "sim- 

 ply marvellous." 



NEW YORK'S ENORMOUS PROBLEM. 



In the city of Greater New York, we had an opportunity of studying the meth- 

 ods taken to safeguard the milk supply of practically twice the population of the 

 entire Province of Ontario, packed into only a fraction of the area. To supply 



