56 EEPORT OF THE Xo. 55 



a physical examination, or lie may compel a test of a suspected herd. Otherwise, 

 tests are made only when the owner makes the request and agrees to abide by 

 the result, disinfect his premises, brand with the letter "T" and slaughter or quar- 

 antine those animals which react. The State pays for the veterinarian and the tu- 

 berculin, but the owner of the herd agrees to improve faulty sanitary conditions 

 and follow the instructions of the Commissioner designed to prevent reinfection. 

 Diseased animals kept in quarantine may be used for breeding purposes and their 

 milk after pasteurization may be used for butter or cheese or for sale. The young 

 must be separated at birth, but may be fed on the milk pasteurized. The value 

 of each animal slaughtered must be determined by an appraiser. If it is found 

 on post-mortem examination that the animal was wrongly slaughtered and did not 

 have tuberculosis, then the full value will be paid up to a maximum of $75. If 

 the animal is found to have suffered from localized tuberculosis, eighty per cent, 

 of the total value is paid ; if generalized, then only fifty per cent., but nothing will 

 be paid unless the animal has been in the state six months. 



During 1908, the State Veterinarian's Department under Dr. J. F. Devine, 

 applied the tuberculin test to 3,520 cattle, and of these 1,200 reacted. A physical 

 examination was made of 2,183 cattle and of these only 29 were condemned. For 

 condemned cattle, the State paid out the sum of $22,268.90 during the twelve 

 months. "We find/' said the Chief Veterinarian to the Commission, "that tuber- 

 culosis is more prevalent the farther north we go. One of the chief causes is the 

 defective barn with poor light, poor ventilation and consequently poor atmo- 

 sphere. The old idea was that the only thing necessary was to keep cows warm, 

 and the result is that many are being stabled under very unhealthy conditions." 



RUSTY CANS MAY BE CONDEMNED. 



In addition to this work in reference to the tuberculin test, the State main- 

 tains two inspectors, located chiefly in New York City, to inspect the milk cans. 

 They work under an amendment of 1907, which provides that all cans or recep- 

 tacles used in the sale or delivery of milk, cream or curd for human consumption 

 may be condemned and stamped as such when found to be in an unfit condition 

 by reason of "being worn out," badly rusted, or with rusted inside surface, or 

 unclean or unsanitary, or in such condition that they cannot be rendered clean 

 and sanitary by washing and will tend to produce bad flavour, unclean or unwhole- 

 some conditions favourable to unhealthfulness or disease." 



It is further provided that all "cans must be rinsed with water as soon as 

 emptied, and it is specifically forbidden to place in the cans any "sweepings," refuse, 

 dirt, litter, garbage, filth or any other animal or vegetable substance liable to decay 

 and produce unsanitary conditions. 



The State standard to prevent adulteration is the same as that of New York 

 City, and the State also has regulations providing for the cleanliness and sanitary 

 condition of cans, utensils, stables and other premises. Certified milk is given 

 official protection by the provision which prohibits the sale of milk as certified un- 

 less it bears the certification of a duly authorized medical commission of a duly 

 authorized medical society. 



DETROIT'S SYSTEM OF INSPECTION. 



In point of population at least Detroit offers a comparatively close analogy 

 to Toronto, and its milk administration is therefore of special interest. As ex- 

 plained to your Commission by Mr. John F. McKinley, the Secretary of the Board 



