1898-1902. No. 86.] SUMMARY OF GEOLOGICAL RESULTS. 21 



layers of lignite. Only in two places were fossils found, viz. in the valley 

 east of Gape Blaamanden on the east side of Eureka Sound, and in 

 Stenkul (Goal) Fjord, an inner, side branch to Baumann Fjord. The fossil 

 plants collected at the latter locality have been studied by Prof. NATHORST, 

 whose results are published in n Tertiare Pflanzenreste aus Ellesmere- 

 Land" (this report no. 35, 1915). In this paper are also found state- 

 ments by SCHEI concerning the Tertiary deposits in various places, and 

 by Dr. SIMMONS, the botanist of the expedition, on the Tertiary beds at 

 Stenkul Fjord. A detailed stratigraphic section shows a great number 

 of lignite layers, one of which has a thickness of 1,5 m. The plant 

 remnants identified by NATHORST belong to Sequoia Langsdorfii 

 (BRONGNIART) HEER and Glyptostrobus Ungeri HEER(?). Besides are 

 mentioned leaves that probably belong to a Populus, furthermore fossil 

 wood, and some extraordinarily well-preserved fungi found in the leaves 

 of the Sequoia. 



Between the time when these Tertiary beds were deposited and the 

 gravel and sand deposits of late quaternary time were laid down, we 

 have nothing left of geological accumulations. In this space of time 

 considerable denudation certainly took place in this part of the world, 

 and the sculpturing of the chief features of the present land surface was 

 done, the detrital rock being carried out into the surrounding sea. Un- 

 doubtedly, as is evident from the photographs taken during the expedition, 

 a great part of the erosion was done by glaciers, which, contrary to what SCHEI 

 thinks to have been the case 1 , certainly had a much greater distri- 

 bution than at present. This is evident from the ice-eroded forms of 

 the mountains, as seen in e.g. pi. 6, fig. 2, from the character of the valleys, 

 like those seen to the right in ol. 6, fig. 1. A photograph showing nice 

 glacial polishing is given in pi. IV, fig. 2. Furthermore it may be mentioned 

 that SCHEI in his diary telling about his visit to Norman Lockyer Island, 

 lying rather isolated, in Princess Marie Bay, mentiones the occurrence of 

 erratics at the top of the island (250 m. high); among other things he 

 found a piece of granitic rock. In the cairn at the top he found pieces 

 of the limestone of the underlying rock, (which was generally snow- 

 covered at the time of Schei's visit) and these showed distinct glacial 

 polishing with stria?. The typical fjord-landscapes of Ellesmere Land, 

 also, can be explained only by a heavy ice-covering of the whole 

 country. 



1 See especially The Geograph. Journal, XXII, p. 6465. 



