1898-1902. No. 21.] LICHENS. 



Systematic list. 



The following list includes the lichens sofar recorded from Arctic 

 America, Greenland, Spitsbergen and Iceland. It is hoped that thus a 

 fairly accurate picture may be obtained of the lichen-vegetation of the 

 district visited by the Second Norwegian Polar Expedition. It has been 

 compiled from the material brought back by the latter and from the 

 papers of BITTER, BRANTH, DARBISHIRE, FRIES, HUE, LINDSAY, MACOUN, 

 NYLANDER, STIZENBERGER and others. The alaskan lichens, an enume- 

 ration of which we owe to CLARA E. CUMMINGS, have not been added 

 to my list as their inclusion would have made a very unwieldy list with- 

 out probably really making it very much more complete. 



The specimens brought back by the Norwegian Expedition vere 

 separated into about 1250 paper packets which bear the number of the 

 locality on the left of the label above the locality. On the right in the 

 topcorner some of the packets have numbers which refer to microscop- 

 ical preparations. 



We can say that about 253 lichens have been recorded from the 

 area visited by the "Fram" during this last voyage. Of this number 

 I have been able to find 161 species. I have no doubt that more spe- 

 cies might still be found in the same material, but I would like to say 

 that almost every specimen of lichen has to be examined with the 

 microscope before identification can be established. There are 8 new 

 species. 



Before going on to the description of the new species, I would like to 

 correct an error which was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. BRANTH. 

 In my paper on the lichens from the Umanak-District, I recorded Du- 

 fonrea madreporiformis as a plant new to Greenland. The specimen 

 however turned out to be a species of Sphaerophoron, and I wish there- 

 fore to cross out the former species as a Greenland-plant. 



I will now give the chief features of the new species: 



