Anopheles culicifacies. 



banding at the tarsal joints ; (3) variations in the relative positions 

 of the transverse veins. 



Characters of the larva (PI. VIII, Fig. 1). Both the median 

 and external frontal hairs are simple and unbranched. There is a 

 pair of palmate hairs on the thorax as well as those on the abdomi- 

 nal segments, but the thoracic pair are not as well developed as in 

 the larvas of listoni or jeyporiensis, and the terminal filament of 

 each leaflet is longer than in either of those larvae. The pigment 

 dots on the dorsum of the head are arranged in a characteristic 

 manner. 



Habitat and observations. This species is widely distributed 

 in India. It occurs in the Punjab (Lahore, Mian Mir, Ferozepore, 

 &c.), in Madras, and several places on the East Coast (Ennur, Ar- 

 magaon, &c.), in the Central Provinces (Nagpur), in the Jeypore 

 State, in the Berars (Ellichpur), in Goa, in Bombay, and in the 

 Hyderabad State (Secunderabad and Aurungabad). 



In the Punjab its larvae can be found in the irrigation water- 

 courses throughout the year, but adults cannot be detected in 

 houses during the cold months from December to March. It is 

 commonly found in drying up river beds in the Deccan, and is found 

 in houses there throughout the hot and cold weather. 



In the south of India it has been found breeding in rice-fields 

 (Aitken), in " borrow pits" by the side of railways, and in pools in 

 the beds of rivers. 



The adults are peculiar in that they do not adopt the charac- 

 teristic attitude of other " anopheles" when resting on a wall or roof, 

 but sit more or less like a "culex" with the body parallel to the wall. 



This species has been proved to be a very efficient malaria-car- 

 rier in Mian Mir (Punjab) and in Ennur (Madras). Experimen- 

 tally also it has been shown that the parasites of the three varieties 

 of malarial fever can readily develop in it. 



A. culicifacies can be distinguished from listoni and jeyporiensis 

 by the fact that it has the third longitudinal vein entirely black- 

 scaled, and by having only two white interruptions on the wing 

 fringe instead of several as in those species. 



A peculiarity of this species is the fact that the relative posi- 

 tions of the transverse veins of the wing to one another vary con- 

 siderably. (See James, " Malaria in India," p. 29.) 



108] 



