BIRDS. 171 



Family" RAMPHASTIN^E." 



Example. Hampliasios toco, Gmel. 



The Shoulder-girdle and Sternum of Ramphostos toco are shown in Plate XIV, figs. 18 20. 

 Tbe figures are of the natural size. The scapula (so.) is broad, curved, and strong ; the coracoid 

 (cr.) is very long and slender ; its head is inordinately large, and the meso-coracoid process is very 

 small ; the epicoracoid process (e. cr.) is square and lies low ; the clavicles (cl.) are moderately 

 strong, /-shaped, are not united below, and they are very much enlarged at the top by the meso- 

 scapular (m. sc. s.) and prae-coracoid (p. cr.) segments ; fig. 20 shows the trans-verse extent of this 

 endoskeletal addition to the clavicle, and its relation to the scapula, with its short, blunt acromion 

 (acr.) ; and also to the head of the coracoid. The Sternum is very elegant, and much modified 

 from that of the Parrot ; yet it is of the same essential type. It is very much shorter ; has very 

 long projecting costal processes (c. p.) : a short costal region with only four condyles (c. c.) : 

 behind the fourth the Sternum becomes narrowest, and then the outer xiphoid processes expand, 

 rising and diverging at once. There are four deep notches, the outer the deepest ; the long 

 xiphoid processes the outer and intermediate, expand at the end, and continue soft at the 

 broadest part ; the intermediate bars are the largest, then the middle emarginate plate ; whilst 

 the outer bars, although longest by reason of the size of the notch differentiating them, end in 

 front of the others. The coracoid grooves are some distance apart ; the upper lips are separated 

 by a semilunar notch, and the lower by the " rostrum." The rounded apex of the Sternum 

 projects in front of the rostrum, from which it is separated by a very slight notch. The keel 

 itself is much smaller than that of the Parrots ; the front of the rostrum is grooved as in theni. 



Family" PICIN^E." 

 Example. Pious viridis, Linn. 



In the Picinae, for instan'ce, Picus viridis, the Shoulder-girdle differs from that of the 

 Toucan in the crozier-shaped scapula (Plate XIV, fig. 21, sc.), and in the junction of the clavicles 

 (cl.) to form a " furcula ;" without, however, an inter-clavicle ; the epicoracoid, process, also, is 

 more pointed. The Sternum differs in the small size of the outer notch, which is less than 

 the inner, and in having five costal condyles. The last sternal rib has an abdominal rib connate 

 with it. 



The scapula of the Wryneck ( Yunx torquilla] is ensiform, as in other Birds ; its furcula, 

 coracoid, and Sternum agree with those of the Green Woodpecker. 



Family" MUSOPHAGINvE." 



Example. Cwytkaix Btiffoni, Vieill. 



In the Touraco (Corythaix Suffoni) we have some new characters, for the Birds forming this 

 croup are not typically zygodactyle. The scapula is more elongated, and narrower ; and the 



