DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 23 



ing living tissues by the process of uleeration. In this way an aperture 

 will sometimes be formed in the animal's cheek through which the saliva 

 is ejected when it is masticating its food. This disease may be compli- 

 cated by diarrhea setting in, which has an exhausting effect on the 

 animal, as is shown by its frequently lying down. This malady often ter- 

 minates in death, and it runs its course in from seven to ten days. In 

 treating this disease in cows, however, I have observed that complete 

 recovery does not take plac.e under three or four weeks. Its duration 

 will vary according to the extent to which the animal is affected. 



Treatment. Sulphate of quinine should be given to calves three 

 times a day in doses varying from 5 to 10 grains, according to the size 

 and age of the animal, and should be repeated about four times a day. 

 Half-ounce doses of lime-water mixed with milk should be given if 

 diarrhea is present. When the calf shows signs of debility, or diarrhea 

 is present, whisky or brandy should be administered several times a 

 day. The stimulant should be mixed with two or three parts of water, 

 and should be repeated three or four times a day. In the case of cows, 

 quinine should be given in dram doses. When the animal's appetite 

 is poor or when it is weak, whisky or brandy should be given in half- 

 pint doses two or three times a day, mixed with 2 parts of water. To 

 cleanse the mouth and remove the fetor it should be syringed out sev- 

 eral times a day with the following solution : Chlorinated soda, 4 ounces ; 

 water, L' pints. When the gangrenous parts have sloughed, then a 

 lotion composed of sulphate of copper, 2 drams ; water, 2 pints, should 

 be applied every day to the raw surfaces to promote healing. The diet 

 should be nutritious, and for calves the cow's milk is to be preferred. The 

 gangrenous tissue assumes a yellow, cheesy appearance, and the ani- 

 mal's recovery will be hastened by removing dead tissue with the knife 

 and not waiting until the process of ulceration separates it from the 

 living parts. During the convalescent stage it is advisable to give 

 carbonate of iron in combination with quinine. It may be given to 

 calves in 10-grain doses, and to cows in 2-dram doses. In concluding 

 we may mention that Longlen, of Arras, was the first veterinarian to 

 publish an accurate and clear account of this disease. 



INDURATION OF THE TONGUE ACTINOMVCOSIS. 



This disease commences with small patches of a yellow color, which 

 may api>ear on the upper or under surface, on the tip, or on the sides 

 of the tongue. The mucous membrane covering these patches is thick 

 ened, and it soon breaks up into a number of pimple-like excrescences 

 which run together, and it then ulcerates and is cast off, leaving a red 

 and excavated surface. These patches are found to cover a number of 

 nodular bodies, most of which are as largo as a hemp-seed, though 

 some are as large as a cherry or a walnut. These nodules, when cut 

 into, are seen to be contused of a yellow, cheesy-looking substance, 

 which, when removed, leaves a sharply defined cavity or ulcer. The 



