24 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



nodules may be deep seated, so that they can not be discovered by 

 examining the surface of the tongue, but in this situation, instead of 

 producing ulceratiou and destruction of the mucous membrane, they 

 set up inflammation in the muscular structure of the tongue, which 

 terminates in a marked enlargement and wood-like induration of that 

 organ, which has led to this disease being commonly called " wooden 

 tongue" in Germany. The enlarged and indurated condition of the 

 tongue is a great impediment to the animal masticating its food, so 

 that if the tongue is extensively affected the animal soon becomes 

 emaciated. Similar nodules may form on the inner surface of the 

 cheeks, of the lips, on the surface of the palate, and even in some 

 instances on the mucous membrane lining the nose. 



Treatment. When the nodules are large they may be dissected out 

 or scraped out, so as to leave nothing but healthy tissue, and afterwards 

 dressed with tincture of iodine. When this procedure is not practica- 

 ble an incision should be made into the nodule, which should then be 

 injected with tincture of iodine. This treatment destroys the micro, 

 scopic fungus contained in the nodules, and will consequently prevent 

 its spreading and bring about its ultimate separation from the healthy 

 tissues. It is obvious that to treat this disease successfully its nature 

 must be recognized at an early stage. After the muscular portion ol 

 the tongue has become enlarged and indurated it will not be possible 

 to restore it to its healthy condition. 



[Quite recently actiuomycosis of the tongue has been treated with 

 great success in Europe by the administration of iodide of potassium. 

 According to Nocard, this drug given once or twice a day, in doses of 

 1 drams dissolved in a pint of water, acts as a specific and is followed 

 by rapid improvement and the permanent cure of the affected animal. 

 The results reported are so extraordinary that they justify the trial of 

 this remedy in all cases of actinornycosis in the tongue or other organs. 

 D. E. S.] 



DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX AND GULLET. 

 PHARYNGITIS SORE THROAT. 



This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the pharynx. 

 It is frequently associated with laryngitis and bronchitis, and sometimes 

 with pleurisy. 



Symptoms. The muzzle is dry, the saliva dribbles from the corner of 

 the mouth; the animal either does not swallow or swallows with diffi- 

 culty; occasionally the liquids which it attempts to take come back in 

 part through the nostrils, and the animal holds its neck in a stiff, 

 straight position, moving it as little as possible. The eyelids are half 

 closed, the white of the eye is bloodshot, and the animal occasionally 

 grinds its teeth. When it attempts to eat hay or grass, after masticat- 

 ing the food the animal drops it out of its mouth as if to avoid the 



